The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of health literacy in selecting sources of information search for sports supplements in people referring to fitness clubs. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of the present study is people referring to fitness clubs in Kermanshah city. Given the dispersion of fitness clubs in urban areas, the statistical sample is selected in a random-cluster manner. The Cochrane population trait distribution ratio formula was used to determine the sample size. According to this formula, the statistical sample of the present study was 372 people. The instrument used for this study was based on the standard health literacy questionnaires of "Wahl et al." (2021) and Kaktomani et al. (2019); Curry, Dossey, and Lucy (2023); Maughan, Depicy, and Geyer (2007). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure reliability, which was 0.88.    version 25 and PLS3 software were used to analyze the data and answer the research hypotheses. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, health literacy affects the selection of sources of information search for sports supplements in people who refer to fitness clubs. Health literacy also affects the characteristics of sports supplements sought by people who refer to fitness clubs, and finally, the characteristics sought play a mediating role in the relationship between health literacy and the selection of sources of information search for sports supplements in people who refer to fitness clubs. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that by including concepts related to health literacy, principles of supplement consumption, and how to refer to scientific sources in training courses, we can help athletes choose standard sports supplements.      

   Abstract:    Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and taurine supplementation on endurance capacity and selected antioxidant, oxidative stress, muscle damage, and inflammatory markers, insulin resistance and sensitivity in male rats. Methodology:

   The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived economic status and the choice of information sources and the preferred market for sports supplements in non-competitive users. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of the present study is all male clients and customers of fitness clubs in Kermanshah city. Given the dispersion of fitness clubs in urban areas, the statistical sample is selected in a random-cluster manner. The Cochrane population distribution ratio formula was used to determine the sample size. According to this formula, the statistical sample of the present study was 318 people. The instrument used for this study is based on the standard questionnaires of Kaktomani et al. (2019), Curry, Dossey, and Lucy (2023); Maughan et al. (2007). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure reliability, which was equal to 0.88. In order to analyze the data and answer the research hypotheses,    version 25 software was used. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, there was a significant relationship between the perceived economic situation and the selection of information sources and the preferred market for sports supplements among male bodybuilders. There was also a significant relationship between the perceived economic situation and the prioritization of product features among male bodybuilders. And finally, there was a significant difference between the perceived economic situation and the prioritization of product features among different income groups. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that officials and managers should take steps to improve the economic situation of society, thereby creating conditions for athletes to purchase sports products.   

Abstract Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial pulsed current stimulation are among the non-invasive brain methods that have been used in various studies. tDCS, as one of the most common non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, has recently received special attention in sports science. However, limited research has been conducted on the effect of tDCS on improving athletic, cognitive, and perceptual performance in anaerobic activities of a repetitive nature. Transcranial pulsed current electrical stimulation (tPCS) has also attracted much attention as a new method. The importance of this approach is further emphasized when studies have shown that tPCS has a greater ability to increase cortical excitability than transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of tDCS and tPCS on athletic performance and perceptual responses during and after six periods of maximal anaerobic activity.   

   The purpose of the current research was to investigate championship sports as a means of building national identity and cohesion (challenges and opportunities). The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (professors, experts and athletes) in the field of championship sports. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 17 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.88. The test was also approved. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the challenges of championship sports include the following categories: economic problems, lack of infrastructure and sports facilities, management problems, lack of specialized human resources, and political problems. And also the opportunities include: attracting financial sponsors for the development of infrastructure, culturalization of championship sports in the society and strengthening national cohesion. These 8 items include 17 concepts and 61 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that in order to improve the state of championship sports, it is necessary to focus on the challenges identified in this research, and by using the upcoming opportunities, prepare the ground for increasing national cohesion and solidarity through championship sports.

   امروزه مصرف انواع مختلف مكمل هاي غذايي در سراسر دنيا به صورت چشم گيري در حال افزايش است. تعداد زيادي از مكمل هايي كه در بازار به صورت رايج در حال خريدوفروش مي باشند هنوز هم از مصرف آنها اطمينان حاصل نشده تحقيقات معتبر علمي، سالم و بي ضرر بودن آنها را تأييد نكرده اند بنابراين نسبت به مصرف آنها توسط ورزشكاران در رشته هاي مختلف ورزشي نگراني هايي وجود دارد. برهمين اساس و با توجه به خلأ پژوهشي جامع در رابطه با بازار مصرف مكمل هاي ورزشي در عصر ديجيتال و عوامل موثر بر آن، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعيين اثر رسانه در دانش و نگرش ورزشكاران كرمانشاهي از پيامدهاي مثبت و منفي مصرف مكمل‌هاي ورزشي و تاثير آن بر بازار مكمل هاي ورزشي در عصر ديجيتال به انجام رسيد. جامعه آماري مورد مطالعه شامل متخصصان و اعضاي هيات علمي دانشگاه بود كه در حوزه مكمل هاي ورزشي و مديريت بازاريابي تخصص لازم را داشته باشند و نيز شامل كليه ورزشكاران شهر كرمانشاه بود كه شامل 1100 نفر بود كه 200 نفر از آنان با توجه به حداكثر بزرگنمايي در معادلات ساختاري بعنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند.جهت جمع آوري اطلاعات از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته استفاده گرديد، كه روايي آن با استفاده از نظرات پنل متخصصان و پايايي پرسشنامه با ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ و شاخص پايايي تركيبي مورد بررسي قرار گرفت كه براي تمامي سازه‌ها بالاتر از 7/0 بوده و تأييد شد. نرم‌افزارهاي مورد استفاده براي انجام تجزيه و تحليل داده ها عبارت بودند از    نسخه 25 وSmartPLS. نتايج به دست آمده نشان داد كه بازار مكمل هاي ورزشي تابعي از رسانه، دانش و نگرش ورزشكاران نسبت به مصرف مكمل­هاي ورزشي است. واژه هاي كليدي: مكمل هاي ورزشي، دانش و نگرش، رسانه

   امروزه بيش از هر زمان ديگري در طول تاريخ شاهدتحول هاي چشمگير در عرصه‌ي فناوري و اطلاعات هستيم. در عصر اينترنت، تلفن همراه، اينترنت اشيا و هوش مصنوعي، كارآفريني و كسب و كارها بيشترين ميزان تحول را داشته‌اند. متاورس يا فراتر از جهان ،فناوري نوپديدي است كه فرصت ها و چالش هايي را بركليه فعاليت ها با تركيبي از دنياي مجازي و واقعيت ايجاد مي كند. اين فناوري در حال گسترش،سبب ايجاد تحولات شگرف در تمامي شاختار هاي زندگي آدمي در كسب وكار،ورزش ودنياي سرگرمي و.. ميگردد. الگوي علمي اين پژوهش كيفي و جامعه آماري اين پژوهش حاضر اساتيد و مختصصين ورزشي وغير ورزشي آگاه به موضوع هستند. از طريق ابزار مصاحبه   به صورت نيمه ساختار يافته به شناسايي عوامل علي-زمينه اي و مداخله گر و راهبرد ها وپيامد ها پرداخته خواهدشد. روايي ابزار پژوهش (مصاحبه)،توسط مصاحبه شونده وسپس اساتيد و متخصصين مورد بررسي قرار گرفت .براي سنجش پايايي از روش توافق درون موضوعي و براي تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از روش نظريه برخواسته از داده ها استفاده شد. يافته ها نشان داد كه چالش ها شامل قوانين و مقررات، علم و دانش، انگيزه، حمايت و پشتيباني، مزيت رقابتي، تبليغات و فروش و مديريت و فرصت ها شامل آموزش، ارتباطات، بازاريابي، هواداري، فعاليت هاي ورزشي، گردشگري و تحليل ورزشي مي باشد.    واژگان كليدي :   متاورس، ورزش و سرگرمي، فناوري ورزشي   

   Today, sports federations are responsible for the development of sports all over the world, which for survival, growth, innovation, performance improvement and competitiveness in the national and global arena in today's dynamic environment requires two strategic knowledge management capabilities with two components (documented knowledge, personal knowledge) ) and two strategic strategies with two dimensions (exploration and exploitation) are needed. The purpose of this research is to explain the effect of strategic knowledge management on the strategic ability of managers and experts of selected sports federations. The research method in terms of practical purpose and in terms of gathering information is a descriptive survey and the statistical population of the research includes all managers and employees of sports federations, the sampling method in this research will be random-stratified, so that first all federations It is divided into two groups of team sports and individual sports, then there are six federations of team sports that include (football, volleyball, handball, basketball, hockey, baseball) and six federations of individual sports (wrestling, weightlifting, taekwondo, karate, tennis). On the table, athletics) has been randomly selected as the total number of employees of Iran's sports federations (750 people), which was determined to determine the statistical sample from the table of Karjesi and Morgan, 1970 (159 people). 250 questionnaires have been distributed to prevent the samples from falling. The tools used in the upcoming research are two strategic knowledge management questionnaires (Lopez and Maruner 2011), which will include eight items and two components (documented knowledge - personal knowledge) and the strategic duality questionnaire (Johnson et al., 2009), which includes fourteen items and two components. is a component Their reliability is respectively 73/. and 78/. Designated . Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, etc.) will be used for data analysis. Also, in the inferential statistics section (Pearson's correlation coefficient test) will be used to measure the relationship between variables and analyze the modeling path of structural equations using   25 and LISREL8.70 software.

   The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of perceived feasibility and desirability on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students. The present research method is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of this research is all students of sports sciences in Iran. The sampling method was simple random and the statistical sample size was also calculated according to Morgan's table. Finally, 389 people were selected as the statistical population. The instrument used for this research is based on the standard questionnaire of Shapro and Sokol (1982). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts, and their construct validity was tested and confirmed by first-order factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability, and its value was 0.952.    software was used for data analysis and PLS3 software was used to design the structural equation model and check the hypotheses. Therefore, based on the findings of this research, the perceived probability had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students with an impact factor of 0.502. Also, perceived desirability had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students with an impact factor of 0.445, and perceived desirability had a positive and significant impact on the perceived feasibility of sports science students with an impact factor of 0.773, and finally, perceived desirability It had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students through perceived probability with an impact coefficient of 0.389. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that in order for sports science students to reach their entrepreneurial goals, they should focus on the indicators identified in this research.

      (This research was conducted with the approach of qualitative study and thematic analysis, open questions and content analysis were used to extract systematic information from the data with the aim of explaining the phenomenon under study and categorizing the relationships between its elements. It provides the possibility of extracting systematic information from the study data. The purpose of this method is to explain a phenomenon by identifying key elements and categorizing the relationships between these elements. The participants of this research were professors of sports management, experts and trainers of sports and basketball with research experience. A total of 13 interviews were conducted with experts and experts and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The main research tools included exploratory interviews and the use of theoretical study tools on library and media sources to collect data.    The interviews continued based on theoretical saturation until the researcher reached theoretical saturation. In order to increase the validity by providing feedback to the interviewees and putting them on the path of inquiry in order to increase the internal validity, for reliability, the test-retest reliability method was used by calculating the amount of intra-subject agreement. Thematic analysis included steps such as getting to know the data, creating primary codes, classifying codes into topics, creating themes, analyzing thematic networks, and the final report of thematic analysis. These prerequisites include equipment and facilities for obtaining financial support and sports scholarships, providing psychological conditions and mental preparation, specialized training and developing sports skills, as well as supporting and maintaining athletes. Support processes also include various stages that are used in the world

نقض حقوق كودكان در ورزش مبحث بسيار مهمي است كه در سال‌هاي اخير موردتوجه قرار گرفته است. اين حقوق به‌طور مكرر در محيط‌هاي ورزشي نقض مي‌شوند و پيامدهاي منفي بسياري را براي كودكان ورزشكار به وجود مي‌آورند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي موضوع نقض حقوق كودك-ورزشكاران در پرتو كنوانسيون حقوق كودك انجام گرفت. جامعه آماري تحقيق را مربيان ورزشي شاغل در هيئت­ها و باشگاه­هاي ورزشي تشكيل مي­داد. روش نمونه گيري به­صورت در دسترس بود و از پرسشنامه محقق­ساخته براي جمع­آوري داده­هاي پژوهش استفاده شد. روايي و پايايي پرسشنامه توسط 9 تن از صاحب­نظران در حوزه حقوق ورزشي و 5 نفر از مربيان به تاييد رسيد. به­منظور تجزيه و تحليل داده­هاي پژوهش از نرم­افزار ليزرل استفاده شد. نتايج نشان داد كه همه عوامل (حق بر سلامت، حق بر آموزش، حق بر تفريح ، حق بر عدم بهره‌كشي) در مدل تحليل عاملي داراي برازش مناسب و كافي بودند كه بيانگر نقش پيش­بيني كنند? اين عوامل درخصوص نقض حقوق كودك – ورزشكاران در در پرتو كنوانسيون حقوق كودك بود.   

   The purpose of this research was to explain the factors affecting the development of football in Iraq. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (professors, experts, experts and coaches) in the field of football. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 17 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.90. The test was also approved. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that various factors have an impact on the development of soccer in Iraq, and these factors were categorized into 6 main categories. The categories include: economic factors, improvement of the infrastructural situation, appropriate management system, meritocracy in football, professional training and talent search and attracting fans. These 6 items include 12 concepts and 48 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that for the development of football in Iraq, it should be focused on the categories extracted from this research, so that the officials and planners of football clubs can understand the needs, priorities and requirements. Identify the development of football sport and according to the known indicators, take suitable and appropriate measures in this direction so that they can ultimately help the development of football sport in this country.

   The purpose of the current research was to design the development model of futsal league in Iraq. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (professors, experts, coaches, athletes) in the field of futsal. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.86. The test was also approved. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that various factors have an impact on the development of futsal league in Iraq. These factors were categorized into 11 main categories. The categories include: improving futsal infrastructure, improving specialized human resources, improving futsal infrastructure, improving specialized human resources, structure problems, lack of financial and human resources, appropriate management system, finding talent in futsal, increasing futsal clubs. improvement of the club system and development of sports culture in the society. These 11 items include 22 concepts and 73 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that for the development of futsal league in Iraq, it is necessary to provide financial support to futsal clubs through the identified categories, and with the appropriate talent search in the field of futsal, the conditions for participation Provide talented people in professional leagues.   

   The purpose of the current research was to explain the factors affecting the migration of Iraqi sports elites and to provide solutions. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (athletes and expert professors) in the field of elite sports. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.89. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the challenges of Iraqi sports elite migration include 6 major categories: economic problems, social problems, cultural problems in the society, inefficient political system, weakness in the management system and psychological factors, and solutions for elite migration. Iraq's sports include 6 major categories: development of Iraq's economy, improvement of the social condition of the society, development of sports culture, professional policy making in sports, improvement of the management system of Iraq and promotion of hope and motivation among elite athletes. And finally, the consequences of the migration of Iraq's sports elites include 3 major categories: decline in sports, cultural-social and economic-political. These categories include 30 concepts and 119 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude by emphasizing the research findings and identified challenges, macro-policies and effective measures should be taken to improve the quality of social and professional life of elite athletes. Also, managers provide the conditions for the development of Iraqi sports at the elite and championship levels by supporting them financially and economically.

   This research was carried out with the aim of "thematic analysis of studies related to sports startups in Iran and drawing its scientific map in sports". The research method is analytical-applicative, which is designed in two parts: thematic analysis and then drawing the road map. The research method was based on thematic analysis, which was used to analyze qualitative data in the field of sports startups and to categorize meaning patterns from the data set, and then based on Ravar Matrix software. A scientific map was drawn and Centrality and betweenness indices were determined. The statistical population of this research was all published articles with the keyword sports startup. For this purpose, by using the purposeful sampling method, by referring to the internal site (all sports publications) and foreign scientific sites (Science Direct, Research Gate, and Google Scholar), the desired articles were collected. Finally, 6 articles in domestic publications and 37 articles in foreign publications were identified. In this research, sampling was not done and all 43 articles were examined and analyzed. Data analysis was done using Excel software to draw graphs and Ravar Matrix software. The findings of the research showed that sports start-up is a new topic, and the articles published in this field are categorized in the thematic areas of starting start-ups, development ways and support ways. Most of these articles have been done analytically and the modeling articles have the lowest number among the research methods of the articles. It was also done based on coding in the Visual Studio program, and 81 repetitive words (including: strategy, founder, investment, work teams, individual characteristics, expertise, market, etc.) were identified. According to the thematic analysis, 85 cases of primary concept were identified. These badges were categorized in 85 concepts, 13 themes and 3 main categories according to thematic and conceptual proximity in the axial coding stage. Finally, in drawing the scientific map of start-ups, you identified centrality and betweenness indices for 14 variables with high repetition in all texts and drew its diagram. What was shown in this research is that in recent years, it has been paid attention to by sports science and marketing researchers and this field is a new field that can be used as a trick to develop the society's economy.

  پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبيين رابطه بين حساسيت به روابط بين فردي و عادت به برند هاي ورزشي با توجه به نقش ميانجي اشتياق برند انجام شد. روش اين پژوهش، توصيفي و از نوع مطالعات همبستگي مي‌باشد. روش تحقيق ميداني و پيمايشي بود و جامعه آماري شامل مشتريان برندهاي ورزشي بودند. از آن جا كه تعداد جامعه قابل شمارش نيست و مقدار بالايي را به خود اختصاص مي‌دهد. لذا حجم نمونه بر اساس جامعه نامحدود مد نظر است. از آنجا كه تعداد جامعه مشخص نمي‌باشد از فرمول كوهن براي برآورد حجم نمونه اسفاده شد. تعداد 385 پرسشنامه به طور صحيح بازگشت خورد و در تجزيه و تحليل‌ها از آن‌ها استفاده شد. اين پرسشنامه‌ها به دليل شيوع ويروس كرونا به صورت مجازي توزيع شد. براي سنجش شخصيت برند؛ از پرسشنامه باي و همكاران (2021) شامل 4 سؤال و يك مؤلفه؛ سنجش عادت به برند؛ از طريق پرسشنامه ماراد و كيواي (????) شامل 7 گويه و روابط بين فردي؛ از طريق پرسشنامه رويان و وايس (????) شامل سه سؤال استفاده شد. مي‌باشد. اين پرسشنامه در طيف 5 گزينه ليكرت متغيرهاي تحقيق را مورد سنجش قرار مي‌دهد. روايي صوري و محتوايي با استفاده از نظر 8 نفر از اساتيد مديريت ورزشي تأييد شد. روايي سازه با استفاده از آزمون تحليل عاملي تاييدي مورد تأييد قرار گرفت و پايايي متغيرها توسط آزمون آلفاي كرونباخ مورد تأييد قرار گرفت. در اين تحقيق جهت تجزيه وتحليل داده‌ها از دو روش آمار توصيفي وآمار استنباطي استفاده شد. از نرم افزارهاي    و LISREL جهت ارائه مدل استفاده شد. بر اساس يافته‌ها حساسيت به روابط بين فردي و عادت به برند هاي ورزشي با توجه به نقش ميانجي اشتياق برند رابطه مثبت و معناداري دارند. بر اين اساس مي توان پيشنهاد نمود كه يكي از مهم ترين برنامه هاي سازمان هاي ورزشي در راستاي بازاريابي ، توجه به نقش مثبت اشتياق برند است.

  The purpose of this research is to identify the strategic management factors of financial sponsors in sports and provide a model. The research is a mixed type of research and the statistical population in the qualitative part includes sports management experts, managers and experts of sports teams in Kermanshah province who are in the senior category and in the top sports leagues of the country, as well as senior managers, managing directors, finance managers or were sales managers of large industrial units in Kermanshah province, who reached theoretical saturation by conducting 10 researcher interviews through semi-structured interviews and snowball sampling. Morgan's table, 300 people were selected as a statistical sample, and the sampling was done randomly. Through the information received from the interviews and coding through the Maxqda software, a questionnaire was designed, its validity was confirmed and its factor analysis was also confirmed through the    software. The final model was designed through amoss software. The results showed that the sponsor's image plays the biggest role in the strategic management of sponsors in sports, and beliefs do not play a role in the strategic management of sponsors, and the factors of participation, attachment, honesty, performance, image, attitude, and knowledge predict 91% of strategic management. They have supporters in sports. Therefore, in the strategic management of financial sponsors in sports, special attention should be paid to the development of sports infrastructure and creating attractiveness for the target community.

برگزاري باكيفيت رويدادهاي ورزشي چالشي براي فدراسيون‌ها، شهرها و سازمان­هايي است كه در تلاش­اند كيفيت برگزاري را ارتقا دهند و رضايت شركت‌كنندگان و ذينفعان را جلب كنند. هدف از اين پژوهش «تبيين مدل عوامل اجتماعي- اقتصادي موثر بر كيفيت رويدادهاي ورزشي (مطالعه موردي: المپياد ورزشي دانشجويان)» است. اين تحقيق كاربردي و از نوع توصيفي– همبستگي است   كه به شكل ميداني و با استفاده از پرسشنامه انجام پذيرفت. جامعه آماري تحقيق را كارشناسان خبره (اساتيد مديريت ورزشي، روُساي تربيت‌بدني دانشگاه‌ها، كارشناسان تربيت بدني، مربيان و ورزشكاران، با تجربه حضور در المپياد ورزشي دانشجويان) تشكيل دادند كه با توجه به نامعلوم بودن حجم جامعه آماري تعداد نمونه‌ها تا حد كفايت به روش تصادفي ساده 225 نفر انتخاب شد. ابزار گردآوري اطلاعات در اين تحقيق پرسشنامه استاندارد است كه از دو بخش تشكيل شده است. بخش اول مربوط به سئوالات جمعيت شناختي و بخش دوم شامل   پرسشنامه­هاي عوامل اجتماعي– اقتصادي (فرهادياني،1396) و پرسشنامه استاندارد كيفيت رويداد ورزشي (شانك،2006) با چهار مولفه است كه به صورت طيف 5 ارزشي ليكرت نمره‌گذاري شده‌اند. تجزيه و تحليل داده­ها‌ با استفاده از نرم‌افزار   24 و LISREL8   انجام گرفت از‌ آمار توصيفي و استنباطي (همبستگي پيرسون و مدل معادلات ساختاري) استفاده شد. نتايج يافته‌ها نشان داد ضريب مسير بين عوامل اجتماعي- اقتصادي و موُلفه‌هاي كيفيت مكان، كيفيت برگزاري، كيفيت گردشگري ورزشي و كيفيت خدمات رويداد ورزشي به ترتيب   برابر با 83/0، 86/0، 84/0 و 89/0 است. همچنين   ضريب معناداري براي اين موُلفه‌ها به ترتيب   معادل 89/9، 26/5، 47/5 و 77/5 بود. نتايج نشان داد كه عوامل اجتماعي- اقتصادي توان پيش‌بيني كيفيت رويداد ورزشي را دارند. لذا پيشنهاد ‌مي‌شود مديران برگزاري المپيادهاي ورزشي دانشجويي از مدل ارائه شده در اين تحقيق جهت ارتقاء كيفيت رويداد ورزشي دانشجويي استفاده كنند.     

  The current research was conducted with the aim of prioritizing the associative consequences of old sports brands. The method of this research is descriptive and of the type of correlational studies. The statistical population of the research is all the buyers of Iranian sports brands. Since the number of the community cannot be counted and it takes a high amount. Therefore, the sample size is based on an unlimited population. Since the number of the population is not known, Cohen's formula was used to estimate the sample size. To be sure, 400 questionnaires were distributed and out of this number, 391 questionnaires were returned correctly and were used in the analysis. These questionnaires were distributed virtually due to the spread of the corona virus. The research questionnaires are taken from the research of Richard and White (2020). This questionnaire contains 15 questions, which are categorized in the form of 5 components and measures the consequences of association of old brands in the range of 5 Likert options. Form and content validity was confirmed using the opinion of 8 sports management professors. The validity of the structure was confirmed by using the confirmatory factor analysis test and the reliability of the variables was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. In this research, two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.    and LISREL software were used to present the model. According to the findings, brand association is effective at the rate of 0.90 on experience and expertise, at the rate of 0.95 at the rate of 0.96 on reminiscence, at the rate of 0.96 on timele  ess and at the rate of 0.85 on tradition. Also, the significant coefficient shows that the indicators are more than 1.96 and it can be concluded that brand association has a positive and significant effect on the mentioned factors. Also, based on the findings, reminiscence, timele  ess, maintenance, experience, expertise, and tradition are among the most important consequences of brand association. Therefore, in order to associate the brand, the desired indicators should be emphasized by the marketers.

   پژوهش حاضر با هدف تأثير تصوير برند رويدادهاي ورزشي بر توصيه شركت كنندگان آن انجام شد. روش اين پژوهش، توصيفي و از نوع مطالعات همبستگي مي‌باشد. جامعه آماري پژوهش را كليه‌ي جامعه آماري اين پژوهش تمامي مخاطبان(تماشاگران) رويدادهاي ورزشي هستند. از آن جا كه تعداد جامعه قابل شمارش نيست و مقدار بالايي را به خود اختصاص مي‌دهد. لذا حجم نمونه بر اساس جامعه نامحدود مد نظر است. از آنجا كه تعداد جامعه مشخص نمي‌باشد از فرمول كوهن براي برآورد حجم نمونه اسفاده شد. تعداد 385 پرسشنامه به طور صحيح بازگشت خورد و در تجزيه و تحليل‌ها از آن‌ها استفاده شد. اين پرسشنامه‌ها به دليل شيوع ويروس كرونا به صورت مجازي توزيع شد. پرسشنامه‌هاي تحقيق بر گرفته از پژوهش كولاس و همكاران (2020) مي‌باشد. اين پرسشنامه شامل 15 سؤال است كه در قالب 5 مؤلفه دسته بندي شده است و در طيف 5 گزينه ليكرت متغيرهاي تحقيق را مورد سنجش قرار مي‌دهد. روايي صوري و محتوايي با استفاده از نظر 8 نفر از اساتيد مديريت ورزشي تأييد شد. روايي سازه با استفاده از آزمون تحليل عاملي تاييدي مورد تأييد قرار گرفت و پايايي متغيرها توسط آزمون آلفاي كرونباخ مورد تأييد قرار گرفت. در اين تحقيق جهت تجزيه وتحليل داده‌ها از دو روش آمار توصيفي وآمار استنباطي استفاده شد. از نرم افزارهاي    و LISREL جهت ارائه مدل استفاده شد. بر اساس يافته‌ها مؤلفه‌هاي تصوير برند (تجانس، تعهد و اعتماد)، بر توصيه شركت كنندگان است. همچنين ضريب معناداري نشان مي‌دهد كه شاخص‌ها بيشتر از مقدار 96/1 است و مي‌توان نتيجه گرفت كه مؤلفه‌هاي تصوير برند تأثير مثبت و معناداري بر توصيه كنندگان دارد. لذا بايد اقداماتي نظير تصويرسازي مثبت برند در ذهن طرفداران و مشتريان ايجاد كرد كه از اين طريق برند را تبليغ نمايند و موجب رشد برند شوند.

  orts are recognized as playing a social role related to the promotion of education, intercultural dialogue and personal growth, regardless of gender, race, age, sport, religion, political affiliation, sexual orientation and socio-economic background. However, the population of elite sports women has always been smaller than men. Some of the gender gap in sports is closing, but it still remains due to some biological differences that affect performance. The scientific discussion on this issue is based on the dimming of this difference. Therefore, this research was investigated with the aim of conceptualizing championship from the point of view of elite female athletes. For this purpose, 18 sports elites were selected purposefully and based on women's snowball strategies for unstructured private interviews, and the data were collected simultaneously using a set of open, selective and theoretical codes. It was analyzed and analyzed. The results showed that the reconstruction and construction of gender identity has been obtained as a personality category of the model, that the factors of gaining power, desire for change and agency were identified around this issue, and other social, cultural, individual, economic and sports concepts were identified in this regard. . Based on this model, it is recommended that the concept of gender and women's identity be given more attention and the program be made in the development of championship sports for gender justice.

Today, tourism is the largest service industry in the world. Even many developed and developing countries, tourism has been a priority of their economic. The tourism industry is gaining a lot of its demand through mixed marketing. The present study seeks to achieve a realistic model of effective marketing mix in the nature-oriented sports tourism industry in the Lorestan province (west of Iran) and to investigate the effect of marketing mix strategy in attracting sports tourists. The research method is based on descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected by library and field methods (questionnaire). The sample population was 217, which were selected by purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance) were used to analyze the data. To determine the normality of the data from the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and after the data were found to be normal, parametric statistics (one-sample t-test and Pearson correlation) and linear regression were used in   21 software. The results of correlating P4 marketing mixed variables (product, price, Place and promotion) with the capabilities of nature-oriented sports tourism in the Lorestan province have shown that product and Place variables have the highest relationship and coefficient of importance in sports tourism in the study area. In other words, the dependent variable "sports tourism" had a positive and significant correlation with the independent variables "product and Place marketing mix". On the other hand, the independent variable "price marketing mix" with the dependent variable "sports tourism" are inversely correlated. In other words, with rising prices, sports tourism in the study area has been declining.   

  The aim of this study was to explain the model of indicators affecting the trust of sports brands. The method of this research was performed in the field. The statistical population of this study is all buyers of Iranian sports brands. Sampling method is available that is selected from customers of sports brands in cyberspace. Since the number of population can not be counted and has a high value, so the sample size is considered based on unlimited population. Quality of service through Han et al. (2015) questionnaire, brand impact through Holbrooke and Chaudhory questionnaire (2001), self-compliance through Han et al. (2015) questionnaire, Han et al. Brand awareness (2015), brand communication through questionnaire Irwin and Satan (2001), brand reputation was assessed through the Moutinho and Waltson (2009) questionnaire, and brand trust was assessed through the Delgado and Ballister (2004) questionnaire. In this study, two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The software used is    and LISREL. Based on the findings, service quality, brand effect, self-consistency, brand awareness, brand communication and brand reputation have a positive and significant effect on the trust of sports brands. Based on this, programs such as focusing on human resources, social proof by providing value, increasing awareness about new products and resources, identifying the target group and selling values, creating a strong brand identity and strategy, using podcasts and newsletters are suggested. , Interact with customers to be considered.

in all human societies, and the corona virus and home quarantine, which lasted for two years, have led to the spread of inactivity. The aim of this study was to identify strategies to encourage exercise and physical activity at home in the Covid-19 pandemic among the community: A study of Kermanshah province which was conducted in two parts: In the first part of the study, in an interview The semi-structured was given to a group of sports experts and in the second part, the identified items were given to people living in Kermanshah province in the form of a questionnaire

  AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of sport event innovation on consumer behavior using structural equation modeling. At first, dimensions and themes related to sport event innovation and consumer behavior were identified and then relationships between variables were identified. Two questionnaires were used for data collection. The first questionnaire is related to sport event innovation and consists of 7 dimensions and 36 questions. The second questionnaire is related to consumer behavior and includes 3 dimensions and 11 questions. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate reliability and the reliability of both questionnaires was evaluated as desirable. The statistical population of the study consisted of all athletic students of Razi University with 280 students and 280 questionnaires distributed among the respondents. Structural equation modeling technique was used to analyze the data and determine the relationships between variables. Data were analyzed using    and LISREL statistical software. According to the analysis of the research hypotheses, the results confirm all the research hypotheses.Keywords: Innovation, Behavioral Intentions, Brand Equity, Customer Satisfaction, Sporting Event

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of strategic thinking and strategic agility on strategic performance measurement systems at the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. The research method is descriptive-survey and in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population of the study was all experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (400). Sampling was done by random sampling of 196 individuals. For collecting data, three standard questionnaires of strategic thinking, Manourian et al. (2012), Strategic Agility Hawaii and colleagues (2017), and strategic performance of Matthew Hall (2004) were used. In order to analyze the data, factor analysis was used to investigate the validity of the questionnaire and the structural equation modeling with Liserl software to present the research model. The results of the research showed that the model was well fitted and all the paths (hypotheses) were confirmed with high confidence. The results of the research also showed that sport organizations should use the resources of external resources to utilize the reactive ability in the environment in order to properly use resources, prevent passive state and compete in the environment. Their strategic performance. Key words Strategic Thinking, Strategic Agility, Strategic Performance, Ministry of Sports and Youth  

  AbstractAs a recent variable, strategic entrepreneurship has found a special place among many researchers in the world as a key factor for growth and acquisition of wealth and satisfaction of customers of different institutions, including sport organizations. the main purpose of this study is the effect of strategic entrepreneurship on performance by emphasizing the strategic role of competitive advantage in sport clubs in the west of the country. the present study is descriptive - survey. the population of this study consisted of managers and heads of all western sports clubs in the west. The sampling method in this research was stratified random and was considered as the sample based on the Cochran formula 261. The research tools included the Strategic Entrepreneurship Questionare of Malek Ehlagh (2014), the competitive advantage Questionare of Lili et al. (2006) and the business performance Questionare of Holly et al. (2009). For analyzing data, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, dispersion and center-to-center) and inferential (Structural Equation Modeling Methodology) were used with    22 and Amos 24 softwares. It should be noted that quantitative statistical analysis was performed with a level of error of 0.05. based on the results, strategic entrepreneurship has a significant positive impact on competitive advantage and on employee performance of western sports clubs. Competitive advantage has also a positive and significant impact on the business performance of employees of western sports clubs in the country. Furthermore, among the components of strategic entrepreneurship, only entrepreneurial mind was not competitive, as well as the elements of the resources administration and innovation on performance. As it is clear, the survival and growth of each organization in terms of various factors including: growth, innovation, performance evaluation, and improving it in competitive market and so on. It has to be noted that there has never been a research with this field in sport organisations. therefore, the researcher suggests that the results of this research can be considered the attention of many organizations and sport institutions in order to obtain factors such as profit and wealth, growth of innovation, acquisition and retention of customer satisfaction, acquisition and retention of customers ' competitive market and etc. Overall, the results of this study indicate that strategic entrepreneurship and its components can play a very important role in meeting the goals and improving the performance of any organization, particularly in terms of financial and financial performance, in addition to the aforementioned factors. according to the results, managers of western sports clubs have more emphasis on improving the impact of strategic entrepreneurship and competitive advantage in the organization to increase their business performance.Keywords: Strategic Entrepreneurship, Competitive Advantage, Business Performance, Sports Club, West Country.

چكيده اين پژوهش با هدف بررسي و واكاوي تأثير ويژگي­هاي كالبدي حسِ مكان بر بازگشت مجدد مشتريان به استخرهاي ورزشي انجام شده است. در حال حاضر يكي از كاستي­هاي معماري استخرهاي ورزشي، عدم قابليت و توانايي براي ايجاد پيوندي عميق ميان فضا و مشتريان مي­باشد. مفهومي كه به عنوان حسِ تعلق به مكان از آن نام مي­برند. امروزه ابعاد محيطي حسِ مكان در استخرهاي ورزشي مورد توجه قرار گرفته­است و سبب ايجاد پيوندي عميق بين مشتريان و فضاي ورزشي مي­شود. اين پژوهش به لحاظ استفاده و هدف كاربردي، از نظر ماهيت توصيفي اكتشافي و از نوع پژوهش­هاي كمي است. در جمع آوري داده رويكرد و فرآيند پيمايشي بر پژوهش حاكم بوده و ابزار اصلي گردآوري داده­ها پرسشنامه است. جامعه آماري شامل مشتريان استخرهاي ورزشي سرپوشيده شهرستان كرمانشاه است و از روش نمونه­گيري تصادفي ساده استفاده شده است. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول ُككران 370 نفر برآورد و از آزمون كشيدگي و چولگي جهت بررسي نرمال­بودن داده­ها و براي آزمون فرضيه­ها و مجموعه روابط علت و معلولي بين متغيرها و مؤلفه­ هاي مورد بررسي از تحليل عامل تأييدي و مدل سازي معادلات ساختاري با نرم­افزار   22   و Amos24   استفاده شده است. يافته­هاي اين پژوهش نشان مي­دهد كه متغيرهاي رنگ، نور، اندازه مكان، هارموني و تناسب و صدا با بازگشت مجدد مشتريان به استخرهاي ورزشي به عنوان عناصر حسِ تعلق به مكان رابطه معناداري دارند.    واژه­هاي كليدي: حسِ مكان، مشتريان استخر، هارموني، رنگ، نور  

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the excitement and satisfaction of participants in adventure sports. The research method is a descriptive and correlational study which is applied in the category of applied research and performed in the form of a field.The statistical population of this study was the participants in adventure sport .

  The impact of relationship quality on behavioral responses customers in sports clubs Lorestan Province

The environment consists of everything that surrounds an organism, including natural elements as well as human beings. Like all other animal species that make up the global ecosystem, humans always interact with their environment and partly change that environment. However, humans are the only creatures that can have a significant impact on the ecosystem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the environmental responsibilities involved in sports organizations. For this purpose, all employees of Sport Development and Maintenance Company were considered as a statistical society. Since the organizations total number of employees was 150, according to the number of pockets, the number of samples was considered equal to the community. The target sample was taken through non-random sampling. Based on the studies, no questionnaire was found. Therefore, based on theoretical foundations, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed in the form of three factors of environmental credibility, environmental expectations and environmental requirements. After verifying the validity of the questionnaire by 7 sports management professors and confirming the reliability of the questionnaire through Cronbachs alpha (0.81). After data collection, descriptive statistics (frequency tables, mean, standard deviation ...) and inferential statistics (Smyrom Kolmogorov, confirmatory factor and exploratory factor analysis) were used to analyze the data. Data analysis was performed using Amos and   -19 software. After the factor analysis, 8 questions were removed due to a yield less than 0.4. The measurement model and research model were designed based on 18 standard questions. In the tests, the level of P <0.05 was considered significant. The results indicate that environmental responsibility has a significant effect on the two variables of environmental expectations and environmental validity but does not have a significant effect on environmental requirements.

The purpose of this study was to explain the model of effective factors on the development of environmental culture in sport. The present study was a   descriptive-survey research.The statistical population is consisted of the students of Razi University of Kermanshah. Based on the sample size of Krejci and Morgan samples, 384 students of Razi University have responded to the revised questionnaire of Boehmehrani and Razavi (1393) with a five-point scale Likert scale, which have formal and content validity. It was surveyed by the opinion of professors and experts related to the subject of research, and its reliability was reported using Cronbachs alpha of 0.78.To analyze the data, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis method was used to identify the factors influencing the development of environmental culture in sport using    and Lisrel software.The results of the research indicated six factors including factors of education, research, management, structure, culture development and national strategies as factors influencing the development of environmental culture in sport and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed fit of the model.The findings showed that the factors of education, research, management, structure, culture, and national strategies have an impact on the development of environmental culture in sport. Therefore, to develop the environmental culture in sport, all this should be used and, by doing different work, developed the environment in sport.

  The Impact of Organizational Identity and Organizational Culture On OrganizationalImage of Sport and Youth Office of Tehran

  AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to research on Effect of stadium atmosphere and impulsivity on impulse buying of sport products. impulse buying is spur of the moment ,unplanned decision to buy , made just before a purchase .which is effected buy environment and personality .   The population of the study consisted of football spectators of Tehran Azadi stadium , because of the uncertainty of the number of population, according to Kukran formula sample size was equal to 380 people which selected randomly. In order to collect data   questionnaire of impulse buying by   Chang, H. J.(2011), questionnaire of impulsivity by   Whiteside &Lynam (2001) and stadium atmosphere by Chen, C. Y. (2013)was used. Data analysis done by using the descriptive and inferential statistics include Kolmogorov – Smirnov, Pearson correlation , path analysis of structural equations, Regression and also AMOS-21 and   -22. The results showed that sensation seeking ,one of impulsivity aspects has positive effect on impulse buying .also tow aspects of stadium atmosphere ( facilities , costume and simbols )have positive effect on impulse buying of sport products in football stadiums .  Keywords :impulse buying , stadium atmosphere , impulsivity ,sport product .

Abstract   The purpose of this study is the examination of emergencies and barriors of   using mediation process in sport. This study is the kind of partical research in terms of the results and gool, and also is a field research. The population of the study is considered to be the people who sport activities and also those who are ingaged in law especially the lawyers. The population of the study was gathered through snowball method. In order to collect data a self-made questionnaire was used. Its validity was confirmed by sport-teachers of Razi university of Kermanshah and its variables reliability was calculated by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. In order to analize the data the descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation were used to describe the data. Because the gool of the study, the chi-square test and Freedman’s Regression test were used in order to analize the data and to examin its hypotheses. The analysis of the data was done using the   -19 software. The results showed that among the necessities and barriors of using mediation process, those involved in the sport inadequate familiarity with the basics of contracts, maintaining friendly relations after mediation process and preventing enmity, the possibility of a quicksettlement of sport disputations, and reducing litigation costs of the hearing process were of the most importance comparing the others. Mediatino is supposed to be one of non-court methods of solving the sport disputation. During the years 1999-2007 mediation in sport has saved 9 billion dollars in the united states and 84 percent of people was fully satisfied because of using the mediation in sport disputations. Mediation is the most important basis of restorative justics. In restorative justics the process of hearing which is in court form and it is often occurred between an attorney and an accused changes its form. And disputation is solved through face to face contact of the disputation sides and the guidance of the mediator.Key words: restorative justice, mediation process, sports disputes