Introduction and Objective: Decreased motor and cognitive function is one of the main problems of the elderly. The use of exercise training can be suggested as an effective intervention program. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of cognitive and psychomotor training on executive functions, fear of falling, cognitive indicators, and daily activities of elderly women in Kermanshah city. Methodology: The research method of the present study is a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all elderly women over 65 years of age in Kermanshah city. The statistical sample included 45 elderly women between the ages of 65 and 75 who were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: cognitive, perceptual-motor, and control training. The Fall Efficacy Scale test was used to measure fear of falling, the Mahoney and Barthel (1965) Daily Activities Scale was used to measure the daily activities of the elderly, the Flostein Cognitive Status Assessment (1975) was used to measure cognitive index, and the Gerard Executive Function Questionnaire (2000) was used to measure executive function. For data analysis in the descriptive statistics section, the mean was used to calculate central tendencies and the standard deviation of the data was used to calculate dispersion tendencies. In the inferential statistics section, after ensuring the normal distribution of the data using the Shapiro-Wilk test, the ANOVA test was used

  Abstract Introduction: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant supplement that may enhance athletic performance and support psychological well-being by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of NAC supplementation on anaerobic performance, anxiety levels, perceived exertion, and pain perception during the Wingate anaerobic test. Methods: Twelve female physical education students participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. Each participant consumed either 1800 mg of NAC or a placebo 45 minutes prior to performing a Wingate anaerobic test, with a one-week washout period between conditions. Outcome measures included peak power, mean power, fatigue index, anxiety levels (state and trait), and perceived pain. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed ranked tests (   v26), with significance set at p < .05. Results: NAC significantly increased peak anaerobic power compared to placebo (p = .019), but no significant differences were observed in mean power (p = .167) or fatigue index (p = .937). Pain intensity and perceived exertion during the test did not differ significantly between conditions (p = .417 and p = .236, respectively). While state anxiety levels post-test were unaffected (p = .767), trait anxiety levels were significantly lower following NAC supplementation (p = .033). Conclusion: Consumption of 1800 mg of NAC approximately 45 minutes before performing the Wingate anaerobic test may increase peak anaerobic power and reduce post-test trait anxiety levels in female physical education students. However, acute supplementation with NAC does not have a significant effect on mean power, fatigue index, perceived exertion, or pain perception during the test, nor on their state anxiety levels after the test.

هدف: دوران سالمندي ويژگي هاي جسمي و خلقي را براي هر فرد در طول زندگي به وجود مي آورد، بنابراين هر فرد سالمند نيازمند فعاليت هاي ورزشي جهت ارتقا سلامت جسمي و رواني خويش براي بهبود كيفيت زندگي خود است. با افزايش سن تغييراتي در كيفيت زندگي و ساختار خواب و ريتم شبانه روزي ايجاد مي شود. اين تغييرات منجر به بروز اختلالات خواب و شكايات مكرر ناشي از آن مي‌گردد. سالمندان بسياري در سال هاي اخير به ورزش روي آورده اند زيرا   ورزش يكي از بهترين راهكارها براي حفظ سلامتي افراد سالمند مي باشد. موارد و روش‏ها: جامعه آماري اين پژوهش را مردان سالمند 65 – 75 سال شهر كنگاور تشكيل دادند. از اين جامعه آماري 24 نفر (گروه هاي 12 نفره تجربي و كنترل) به عنوان نمونه در پژوهش حاضر شركت كردند. پس از انتخاب نمونه‌ها ابتدا جهت اندازه گيري كيفيت زندگي و خواب از آنها پيش آزمون گرفته شد. زمان تكميل پرسشنامه ها دو روز قبل از شروع پروسه پژوهش بود. بدين صورت كه به منظور اندازه گيري كيفيت زندگي از پرسشنامه كيفيت زندگي كه بر اساس معيارهاي مطرح شده توسط سازمان بهداشت جهاني تحت عنوان (WHOQOL-BREF) مي‌باشد و ترجمه فارسي آن در سايت سازمان موجود است، استفاده شد. براي ارزيابي كيفيت خواب از پرسشنامه كيفيت خواب پيتزبورگ استفاده شد. اين پرسشنامه بهترين ابزار براي اندازه گيري كيفيت خواب در افراد سالمند است. برنامه تمريني به طور كامل در دست نوشته‌اي در اختيار گروه تجربي قرار گرفت و آنها به مدت 8 هفته، در روزهاي فرد تمرينات تركيبي تعادلي و هوازي را در خانه انجام دادند. در حالي كه گروه كنترل هيچگونه تمريني انجام نداد. سپس از آزمودني ها پس آزموني جهت اندازه گيري كيفيت زندگي و خواب كاملا مشابه با مرحله پيش آزمون گرفته شد. يافته‏ها: با توجه به اختلاف معنادار بين پيش آزمون و پس آزمون داده‌هاي بدست آمده از پژوهش اينطور مي توان عنوان نمود كه انجام   هشت هفته تمرين تعادلي هوازي در خانه تاثير معناداري بر كيفيت زندگي و كيفيت خواب آزمودني‌ها دارد.    كليد واژها: تمرين تعادلي هوازي، سالمندان، كيفيت زندگي، كيفيت خواب

چكيده مقدمه: در دهه‌هاي اخير، رشد و توسعه فن‌آوري‌هاي نوين و افزايش دسترسي به رسانه‌هاي ديجيتال از يك سو، و كاهش فعاليت‌هاي بدني به دليل سبك زندگي كم‌تحرك از سوي ديگر، منجر به كاهش سطح سواد حركتي در كودكان و نوجوانان شده است. اين تغييرات در الگوي زندگي، ضرورت استفاده از رويكردهاي آموزشي نوين و جذاب را براي افزايش سطح سواد بدني كودكان بيش از پيش نمايان ساخته است. سواد حركتي به‌عنوان يكي از اجزاي كليدي رشد بدني و سلامت عمومي، شامل توانايي حركت مؤثر، درك حركتي و اعتماد به نفس در فعاليت‌هاي بدني است. بهبود اين مهارت‌ها مي‌تواند نه تنها به رشد حركتي، بلكه به سلامت رواني و اجتماعي كودكان نيز كمك كند. در اين راستا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي تأثير بازي‌هاي بالشوله هايدلبرگ به‌عنوان يك رويكرد نوين آموزشي بر سواد حركتي دانش‌آموزان دختر 9 تا 11 سال شهرستان كنگاور انجام شد. روش تحقيق: روش پژوهش به صورت نيمه‌تجربي و با طراحي پيش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون همراه با گروه‌هاي كنترل و تجربي صورت گرفت. نمونه پژوهش شامل 40 نفر از دانش‌آموزان دختر پايه ابتدايي در محدوده سني 9 تا 11 سال بود كه به صورت نمونه‌گيري خوشه‌اي تصادفي از مدارس شهرستان كنگاور انتخاب شدند. شركت‌كنندگان به دو گروه تجربي (20 نفر) و كنترل (20 نفر) تقسيم شدند. براي ارزيابي سواد حركتي از پرسشنامه سواد حركتي كانادا-نسخه دوم (CAPL-2) استفاده شد. اين ابزار، يكي از ابزارهاي معتبر و استاندارد براي سنجش سواد حركتي است كه شامل ارزيابي جنبه‌هاي مختلف توانايي‌هاي بدني، حركتي و درك حركتي مي‌باشد. گروه تجربي به مدت 8 هفته (2 جلسه در هر هفته) در جلسات آموزشي بازي‌هاي بالشوله هايدلبرگ شركت كردند. اين بازي‌ها كه مبتني بر نظريه‌هاي يادگيري حركتي و رشد مهارت‌ها طراحي شده‌اند، با تأكيد بر جنبه‌هاي سرگرم‌كننده و چالش‌برانگيز، به بهبود توانايي‌هاي حركتي و تقويت علاقه‌مندي به فعاليت‌هاي بدني مي‌پردازند. گروه كنترل در اين مدت، برنامه‌هاي آموزشي معمول خود را بدون شركت در اين بازي‌ها ادامه دادند. براي تحليل داده‌هاي جمع‌آوري‌شده، ابتدا با استفاده از آزمون شاپيرو-ويلك نرمال بودن توزيع داده‌ها بررسي شد. سپس، به منظور بررسي تأثير مداخله، از تحليل كوواريانس (ANCOVA) بهره گرفته شد. تمامي تحليل‌ها با استفاده از نسخه 26 نرم‌افزار    انجام گرفت. نتايج اين تحليل‌ها به‌منظور ارزيابي تفاوت بين دو گروه تجربي و كنترل و تعيين اثربخشي بازي‌هاي بالشوله بر سواد حركتي دانش‌آموزان مورد استفاده قرار گرفت.  

Background and objective: Improvements in adipocytes levels can reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, indicating adipocytes to be a hopeful remedial target in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other related diseases. However, there is no consensus on the role of various exercise training on adipokines in T2DM and the results are contradictory. Therefore, this systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression investigated the effects of different types of exercise training on some adipokines concentrations in T2DM.   Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Cochrane, and Clinicaltrials.gov up to September 2024. Resistin ,Apelin,Visfatin and Vaspin were included   to investigate the effects of   exercise training in this study . Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model (DerSimonian-Laird method) to calculate weighted means differences with 95% confidence intervals.Results: Analysis of 37 studies (52 intervention arms, n = 1811) demonstrated that exercise training significantly decreased resistin (MD: -1.02 ng/ml, 95% CI: -1.48 to -0.57, p=0.0001) and visfatin (MD: -0.70 ng/ml, 95% CI: -1.07 to -0.32, p =0.0002) levels but has no significant effect on Apelin (MD 0.02 ng/ml, 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.08, p =0.55)and Vaspin (MD: 0.00 ng/ml, 95% CI: -0.0 to 0.0, p =0.69) levels compared to control in T2DM. Slightly stronger effects were observed in aerobic, combined and resistance training in men and mor than 8weeks of intervention. Meta- regression analysis also showed that there is a significant linear relation between resistin and BMI changes. Conclusions: Overall, exercise training decreased inflammatory indices with a positive supplementary effect for T2DM patient. Keywords: Exercise training, Adipokines, Insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes.   

  ackground and purpose: The complexity of educational methods and the category of individual differences have created many challenges for motor skills training specialists. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of linear and non-linear training (selected ball games) on the development of ball skills in girls aged 7-9, focusing on self-efficacy and enjoyment of the activity. Methodology: The statistical population of the research included girls aged 7-9 living in the city of Kermanshah. The statistical sample consisted of 30 people who were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 people: linear training and non-linear training. Both groups for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week in the intervention program that included linear training (doing prescribed and repetitive exercises) and non-linear training (manipulation of task constraints such as equipment and instructions) of Heidelberg ball games. were given Ball skills, including throwing accuracy from above the shoulder, basketball spiral dribble and shot test, along with the cognitive variables of pleasure and self-efficacy, were evaluated before and after the intervention. Using the Shapiro-Wilk test, the normality of the data was checked. Analysis of covariance test was also used to compare groups while considering the effect of disturbing variables. Statistics were done with    software at a significance level of 0.05. Findings The results of this research comprehensively showed that the non-linear training approach compared to the linear training method has significant effects on improving ball-related skills and some psychological aspects in children. In particular, regarding the over-the-shoulder throw component, a significant difference was observed between the two groups (P = 0.002), so that the group that experienced non-linear training performed better than the group that benefited from the linear method. This finding suggests that non-linear methods can enhance more complex motor skills in children. In the case of basketball spiral dribble, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.201). However, the findings regarding the shot component showed that the non-linear group performed significantly better than the linear group (P = 0.007), which highlights the importance of flexible and non-linear teaching approaches in fostering more detailed and specialized skills. From a psychological point of view, the examination of the activity enjoyment variable showed that the non-linear group enjoyed the activities significantly more (P = 0.003), which indicates that a varied and flexible educational experience can increase children's motivation and participation. Also, the level of self-efficacy in the non-linear group was significantly higher (P = 0.031), which indicates the positive effect of this method on children's self-confidence and individual abilities.

  Abstract Sports exercises have been proposed as a therapeutic method for empowering, treating and controlling high blood pressure, and as lifestyle modifications, it has been recommended for one of several cases. On the other hand, studies show that resistance exercises are very effective on muscle growth and strength. Along with sports activities, it has been shown that nutritional interventions also affect these factors. One of these can be the consumption of dark chocolate supplements containing polyphenols. Polyphenols present in dark chocolate, especially flavonols, cause dilation of blood vessels and decrease blood pressure by increasing the production of nitric acid from the endothelial tissue. On the other hand, catechins are molecules from the flavonoid family that are abundant in dark chocolate. These molecules have a positive effect on muscle growth factors. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the acute consumption of dark chocolate supplement on the index of pressure perception, blood pressure and post-exercise upper body resistance performance in resistance trained girls. This research will be a double-blind randomized design and the subjects will be placed in one of the designated positions randomly.12 active female students will voluntarily participate in this research. It should be noted that the participants are randomly assigned to the supplement or placebo group for two weeks, so that the supplement group is 500 mg of dark chocolate extract containing 125 mg of polyphenol and 25 mg of epicatechin and the group Placebo 500 mg placebo (starch) is taken daily in one capsule. During resistance activity, the index of pressure perception and resistance performance, then post-exercise blood pressure is measured. Before taking the supplement or placebo, the subjects are pre-tested, so that after the general and specialized warm-up, a resistance training protocol with barbell chest press including 5 sets until exhaustion with 75% maximum 1 maximum repetition by the company. It is done with 2-minute rest intervals.Participants are advised to perform as many repetitions as possible until reaching 15 repetitions or muscle failure. Then, after two weeks of taking the supplement and placebo, the pressure perception index, resistance performance during activity and blood pressure after exercise are evaluated again under the same conditions as last time.

  Abstract:The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of plyometric, resistance, and Interval exercise methods on hemodynamic responses in male volleyball players. The statistical population of this study was male volleyball players aged 18 to 23 years in Kermanshah. The sample size was 15 male volleyball players from Kermanshah. In a within-group design, blood pressure and ankle-brachial index of subjects were measured on three different days with intervals of one week and each time before and after a bout of exercise. The exercise that subjects did on each of the visit days included resistance, plyometric or interval exercise. The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure after and before the exercise was considered as the post-exercise hypotension and the difference in the ankle-brachial index before and after the activity was considered as the change in the ankle-brachial index. The results showed that systolic and diastolic blood pressure had a significant decrease in all three conditions of interval, resistance, and plyometric exercise compared to the resting level. However, post exercise systolichypotension after interval training was significantly more than resistance exercise (p=.012) as well as plyometric exercise (p<.001); and after resistance exercise was more than plyometric exercise (p<.001). Post exercise diastolichypotension after intermittent exercise was significantly more than plyometric exercise (p=.007); and after resistance exercise was more than plyometric exercise (p=.023), but there was no significant difference between the two types of interval and resistance exercise (p=.199). Ankle brachial index did not find any significant difference after any type of exercise. In addition, there was no significant difference between the changes of this index from rest to post-exercise between the three conditions. In the general conclusion, it can be stated that a bout of intermittent, resistance, or plyometric exercise can be associated with post-exercise hypotension in male volleyball players and the greatest drop ocuures after the intermittent, resistance, and plyometric exercise, respectively.Keywords:Post exercise hypotension, Blood pressure, Ankle Brachial Index, Interval exercise, Resistance exercise, Plyometric exercise, Volleyball

   Abstract The importance of physical activity and its relationship with the reduction of cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension, cannot be ignored, and exercise is one of the non-drug methods for treating hypertension. Citrulline malate is considered as a sports supplement that improves resistance performance and lowers blood pressure. The purpose of the present study is the acute effect of oral citrulline malate supplementation on upper body resistance performance, blood pressure and post-exercise hypotension in recreationally trained resistance men. The present research was double-blind and the subjects were placed in three randomly determined positions. 12 volunteer male bodybuilders have participated in this research. 60 minutes before the start of resistance training protocol with barbell chest press including 5 sets of 15 repetitions with 75% of a maximum repetition, subjects were given 8 grams of citrulline malate, 12 grams of citrulline malate and placebo in three different positions. Subjects complete as many repetitions as possible until reaching 15 repetitions or muscle failure. The order of placement in three positions was random and the interval between the positions was one week. Objective: To compare the acute effects of taking two doses (8 and 12 grams) of citrulline malate oral supplement on upper body resistance performance, blood pressure and post-exercise hypotension in resistance trained men. Cases and methods: The present research is in the form of semi-experimental and double-blind designs, and the subjects will be placed in three designated positions in a random and crossover manner. Findings: Short-term use of citrulline malate supplement caused a significant increase in resistance performance, a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure, a significant decrease in post-exercise blood pressure, and a significant decrease in heart rate. Conclusion: The results obtained from the research show that after consuming 8 grams and 12 grams of citrulline malate, there was a significant increase in resistance performance, a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure, a significant decrease in post-exercise blood pressure, and a significant decrease in heart rate. . As a result, according to the present research, male athletes are recommended to include the use of citrulline malate supplement in their program in order to improve performance in training from the perspective of resistance performance. Keywords: post-exercise blood pressure drop, resistance training, citrulline malate supplement, upper body resistance performance

Dyspraxia

   Tumor markers are substances found in body fluids such as blood, urine, serum and body tissues and are increased in people with cancer in various tissues. Most tumor markers are proteins that either increase in response to changes in the cancerous condition or are made by the cancer cells themselves. Carcinoembryonic antigen is one of the tumor markers predicting recurrence of colorectal cancer The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), quality of life and sleep quality in female colorectal cancer survivors. 12 female colorectal cancer survivors who had performed surgical resection with mean age (55.66±4.99 years), weight (75.16±12.48 ­­kg) and height (164.5±4.90 cm) were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Subjects in the experimental group completed a total of eight weeks of HIIT (3 session per week, separated at by least 24 h). each performed eight 1-min session at 95% HRmax of intense walking interspersed by 2-min interval of slow walking as recovery. Blood samples were taken from participants before and after the intervention to evaluate the effect of HIIT on CEA, in order to evaluate the effect of HIIT on quality of life and sleep quality the WHOQOL-BREF and Pittsburgh questionnaires were completed by the participants. The result showed that the 8 weeks of HIIT had no significant effect on CEA (p=0.456), but 8 weeks of HIIT had significant effect on quality of life (p=0.028) and sleep quality (p=0.027). Keywords: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), high intensity interval training (HIIT), colorectal cancer     

Consuming a high-fat meal may lead to postprandial lipemia (PPL) and inflammation. Repeated episodes of exaggerated postprandial lipemia may hasten the progression of atherosclerosis. The purposeof this study was to Comparison the acute effects of high-intensity interval and concurrent training on postprandial lipemia in inactive healthy young men.Research Methodology: In line with the objectives of the study, 12 inactive healthy young men (age: 20.34±1.71 years, BMI: 24.05±2.55 kg/m2,weight 75.36±3.57 kg,   height 177.32±3.76 cm) of Kermanshah participated in the present study as a sample available and voluntarily that randomly divided by tow groups A and B. At first group A done high intensity interval training and after one week do the concurrent training and group B first done concurrent training and after one week do the high intensity interval training. Before 48 hours performing protocol, subjects recorded all nutritions, bevereages and weight ownself. Than this diet for the same time replication for second time. After each exresice trills tomorro blood samples in overnight fast was gathered at 8 AM. To determine the normal distribution of data use of Shapiro-Wilk test, then idependent t-test was used for hypothesis of this study.  Results: The results showed that subjects have a differences significant in LDL chelestrol level (6/77% increase) after high-intensity interval training then time aftrer concurrent training. But this level in HDL chelestrol (5/81% increase) and vLDL chelestrol (4/73% increase) was not significant. Results also showed that subjects have a differences significant in triglycride (TG) (10/10% increase), total chelestrol (TC) (7/00% increase), free fatty acids (FFA) (10/98% increase) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) levels (7/36% increase) after high-intensity interval training then time aftrer concurrent training.  Conclusion: According to the results, it seems postprandial lipemia decrease in inactive healthy young men after high-intensity interval training then time aftrer concurrent training.

      Evaluationof theperception specified to action at different conditions of focused attention in childrenwith autism spectrumThe main purpose of this study was to investigatethe specific perception of action in different focus conditions in children onthe autism spectrum. The statistical population of the study includes boys withautism spectrum disorder in Kermanshah specialized center.At first, suspected samples of autism spectrumdisorders were identified using the High Performance Autism Spectrum DisordersScreening Questionnaire (ASSQ) And we randomly dividedinto three groups of 15 people:the internal attention, external attention and control group. After presenting the basic principles of dart throwingskills, the same pattern was shown to all subjects. Then, each participant made five dart-throwingexperimental trials to warm up. After 3 minutes of rest,the subjects underwent a pre-test consisting of a block of ten attempts. After15 minutes of rest, and in the acquisition stage, the subjects performed 5blocks of 10 attempts with a three-minute rest interval between blocks. Focusing instructions were repeated before eachexperimental attempt, and subjects were asked to estimate the target sizebefore completing the assignments in each block. To do this, participants used the shape of a circle inMicrosoft PowerPoint to draw circles the same size as dart target. . Participants were allowed to change the size of thecircle as much as they felt the size of the circle would be equal to the sizeof the target. Then, the next day, the subjects performed the retention testand the transfer test.The results showed that the internal focus grouphad better dart throw performance and more specific perception of action thanthe external focus group and the control group. Also, there is a positive andsignificant relationship between dart throw performance and special perceptionof the action of the internal focus group in the acquisition stage. According to the results of the present study, theinternal focus of attention in people with autism spectrum disorder leads tobetter performance and special perception of action than the external focus ofattention on darts.

Abstract this study aimed to compare the motor Proficiency of obese boys and girls aged 11-9 in Sanandaj. The method of the present study was descriptive causal-comparative. Among obese primary school students in the second year of Sanandaj city. 40 people (20 girls and 20 boys) were selected as overweight. The Bruininks-oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency was used to measure motor proficiency. After confirming the normal distribution of data using Shapiro-wilk test, independent t-test was used. The results showed that among the factors of running speed and agility, balance, strength, upper limb coordination, visual-motor control and speed There was a significant difference in upper limb agility in obese boys and girls, and boys were better in these components (p <.05). Also, there is no difference between two-way coordination factors and response speed in the two groups. The pattern of the present findings showed that although the motor proficiency of obese students in Sanandaj were generally low, but the decrease in the level of motor proficiency in obese girls is more affected than obese boys, which may be due to differences in fat and muscle tissue distribution between the sexes   And confirms the importance of regular physical activity to improve motor skills, especially in obese girls.  

Introduction: One of the most important aspects of learning transfer is Bilateral transfer. Bilateral transfer is the process of transferring information obtained by environmental stimuli from one hemisphere of the brain to another hemisphere and acquiring the ability to perform motor skills with symmetrical organs of the body. The results of some studies indicate the effectiveness of exercises in the mirror on learning and transfer of motor tasks. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Basketball Dribbling Practice in Mirror on Bilateral Transfer in Novice Players. Methods: In this study, 30 novice right-handed basketball players with an age range of 18-24 years were randomly selected from the participants in Qorveh basketball training dir="LTR" >Results: The results showed that the dribbling   performance, dribbling error and slalom performance improved significantly from pre-test to post-test in all groups (p<0.05). But the results of comparison between groups showed that the transfer in two groups of transfer from superior to superior and transfer from non-superior to non-superior   in all three variables of dribbling performance, dribbling error and slalom performance is better than There are two groups of transfer from non-superior to superior and transfer from superior to non-superior (p<0.05). Discussion: This pattern of finding suggests that exercises due to mirror visual feedback were useful for increasing skills in all groups. So coaches can use the mirror practice method to keep the injured limb ready and transfer skills from the trained limb to the untrained limb. Keywords: Motor learning, Bilateral Transfer, Mirror exercises (Mirror Visual feedback).      

         Introduction: mental retardation children isn't a new issue, it's available at all times that they haven’t been mentally normal compared to adults mental retardation on chidren because of below the growth norm arnt   able to gain enough benfits from their normal educationl programs, but they will have the growth capacity if it combined with an appropriate among.problems of these people are motor competency coordination motion the spark traning program has been designel to do the physical activity in align="right" dir="RTL" >  items and methods: in this project 40 educable mentally retardation students that they were studing under the supervision of hamedan province.they purposefully chosen from elementary schools in the age range of (7-12) years old . they were divided in to 4 groups wich 2 groups for control ,are for coordination motion and one for motor competency then in both groups the spark training program was tested wich included 24 sessions of 45 minutes. researchers of the project: conclusions showed that nerformace of skills from pretest to both experimental groups has significantly improved. The 24 postest of the experimental groups.the motor competency and coordinations was significant.   Conclusion:   The pattern of results showed that spark traning program can be effective and efficient in improving the course and deliute motor skill , two handed coordination and eye-handed coordination , thus therapists and educator can benefit from training of mental retardation children.    ، spark training   program ، coordination motion ، motor   competency Keywords: . educable Mentally retardation

  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of selected fusion fitness exercises on reaction time and balance function (static, dynamic) in inactive middle-aged women. The present study is a quasi-experimental study. The research plan includes pre-test-post-test with control group and application of independent variable (8 weeks selected training program). Which is done in the field and is among the applied research. The statistical population of this study was middle-aged women of Golshahr sports complex in Tehran province who were randomly selected from the existing complexes in Karaj city and the research subjects were randomly selected from the volunteers of the center's condition unit. Data collection tool in this The research is the Scherer General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSE-17) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (1972). TUG test was used for dynamic equilibrium and for static equilibrium the stork test subject was used and for measuring the reaction time from the reaction timer device (model 63035, Lafayette company) was used.

   Abstract    The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of low and high levels of contextual interference and internal & external focus of attention on learning and transfer of forehand drive among novice table tennis players. The type of research was semi-experimental with pre-test post-test design with the control group. The information was sorted and conducted in the field and the research is considered as an applied research. Method and sampling plan were performed among teenage player who were the members of the Tennis table group in the city of Sanandaj at the beginner level (under education) in table tennis; these people have been randomly selected. The data gathering tool in this research was the Tennis Table Machine TT Matick 505, (2010) of a German Company. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data. In the inferential statistics section, for the natural distribution of variables, the distribution of variables was used to test Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. The result of this test was carried out on the variables examined by (  ) software for all variable groups and transferring the hypothesis of distribution. Therefore, parametric tests were used to test the hypotheses of the study. Based on the results obtained from the first hypothesis,   (it is proved that ) the effect of interference agent on the variable has a significant difference on the pre-test and post-test of the variables. In order to investigate the in-group differences, using paired t-test, pre-test and post-test status in 4 groups first group, group one 10 beginner players, in terms of internal attention with low interference, group two 10 beginner players , In terms of internal attention with high interference, group three of 10 beginner players, in terms of external attention with lower interference and group four, 10 beginner players, in terms of external attention, have been compared with high interference, compared and reported results. It showed that in every 4 groups, there was a significant difference between the pre- and post-test of the variable, and remembrance in post-test condition has increased significantly. And according to the second hypothesis, there is a significant difference between the pre- and post-test in groups of one, three and four, and the amount of transmission variables in the post-test condition is lower, but in group two there was no significant difference between the pre- and post-test. In the control group, it was concluded that the pre- and post-test of the transmission variable did not differ significantly, so due to the the control group (investigations), this result is logical. Finally, we can conclude that Group 3 (external attention group with low interference) has better performance than the other groups. Also, in Group 2 (internal attention group with high interference) has had a weaker performance. Keywords: contextual interference, external attention, internal attention, learning, skill, beginner, forehand drive, table tennis.      

   Abstract Introduction:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of Heidelberg ball game on academic achievement and tacit learning of first grade female students in Songhor city. Children now have less opportunity to "play", especially ball games. To this end, the "Heidelberg Ball" was established with the intention of restoring the "spirit of street games". Children in this school learn the necessary training and games in many sports to use them to develop their verbal, intellectual, emotional, social and motor skills.This school provides the mobility that children should naturally achieve in the early stages of life. Research Methods: The research was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with two groups of control and experimental. The statistical population of the present study included all female students in the first grade of elementary school in Songor. In this study, from all girls in the first grade of elementary school in the city of Songhar, 30 people were selected as a control group and 30 people as a experimental group were selected as a simple random sample. Research measurement tool includes academic performance questionnaire (Taylor) including 40 questions in 4 components including (self-efficacy and emotional effects components with 8 items, planning component with 16 items, lack of outcome control component with 4 items and components Motivation (12 items) was based on a five-point Likert scale. The Social Interaction Questionnaire (Alice-Whitzman) was used to determine the effect of ball games on social interactions. This questionnaire had 27 questions of 3 and 4 options. Also, to determine the effect of Heidelberg's pillow games on emotional intelligence, the children's trait-form emotional intelligence questionnaire (Salowie and Meyer) was used. This questionnaire had 75 questions. Descriptive statistics were used to >Results: The findings of the present study indicate that there is a significant difference between ball games with academic achievement and tacit learning (emotional intelligence and social interactions). And play enhances children's learning (emotional intelligence and social interactions) and academic achievement. Educational games promote social interaction and improve social skills during the game, which can help to create interaction between people involved in the game and promote students' tacit learning. Emotional intelligence is one of the most important factors in determining a person's success in life and directly affects a person's mental health. key words: Games, Heidelberg pillows, academic achievement, tacit learning, elementary girls.

      Abstract    The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term use of taurine supplementation on lactate and blood pressure levels after a period of exhausting exercise in active female students. The whole study was semi-experimental and the method was quasi-experimental. For this purpose, 14 students with a mean age of 20.57 ± 0.93, height 167.14 ± 2.65cm, weight 66.42 ± 4.43 kg participated in the study as available samples and The randomized form was included in two groups of supplement and placebo. During the two pre-test and post-test sessions, they participated in exhausting exercise activities (Bruce test). Use for one week. After the end of the supplement, the post-test was performed immediately. Heart rate was measured at each stage and after reaching exhaustion, in order to cool down for 3 minutes, walking on a treadmill at a speed of 4km / h was performed, then the person's blood pressure was in a sitting position and 6 minutes after the end of the test, lactate Blood was measured from the subjects' finger blood samples. In order to differentiate between the variables in the inferential statistics section, before analyzing the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to ensure the normality of the data, due to the natural distribution of the data and the small number of variables to examine the pre-test data. After the test, paired t-test was used. The results of the study showed that short-term use of taurine supplementation significantly reduced the lactate response (p = 0.000) of the subjects after a period of exhausting exercise Cause

   Abstract Objective: The goal of sports science researchers and researchers is to maximize the performance of athletes in different fields of sport. To this end, researchers seek to identify factors that influence athlete performance and it is well accepted that sleep is one of the essentials of health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 30-hours sleep deprivation on the response of leptin and ghrelin levels to an Exhaustive activity among active male students. Materials and Methods: Among the active male students of Razi University of Kermanshah, 20 undergraduate students were selected through convenience sampling and participated in the study. Subjects were evaluated by simple randomized cross-sectional design in two situations. Results: Information related to the comparison of post-test and pre-test in two experimental (sleep deprivation) and control (adequate sleep) situations showed that leptin hormone in sleep deprivation conditions decreased compared to rest conditions (9.4 %) And ghrelin hormone in experimental conditions increased compared to control conditions (2.04%) and this difference is considered significant at the level (p = 0.0012). Insomnia also caused significant changes in physiological parameters (VO2max, heart rate, blood pressure, time to exhaustion, etc.). Conclusion: 30 hours of sleep deprivation decreased leptin and at the same time increased ghrelin, which indicates the importance of night sleep, which is one of the influential factors associated with obesity and overweight. Especially by coaches and athletes who after sleep deprivation cause a significant effect on their performance, should be given more attention.

Objective: One of the most important current issues in the field of sports science, which is considered by athletes and coaches, is the quality of performance of sports skills and having the necessary preparation for consecutive participation in future competitions. Fatigue is one of the main problems in proper performance of sports activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of active recovery methods (immersion in cold water and foam roller) on performance and muscle injury indices in young footballers after football-like play.  

  The most important factors affecting the learning and performance of motor skills can be feedback and psychological pressure due to the presence of spectators on the performance of athletes. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of self-controlled feedback on volleyball service performance under pressure of spectators in beginner and skilled players. The statistical society of this research includes all volleyball gyms located in harsin sity, among which all were selected by random-cluster sampling of two gyms and among the woman who came to these gyms, 60 people were selected randomly (30 beginner and 30 skilled volleyball players) who had the criteria for entering the research, Then each category of these players were divided randomly into three groups: self-controlled, paired and control (each group has ten people). After that, each person did 10 sequential simple services in the absence of the spectator and lack of feedback. This test was conducted in order to homogenize groups of people. Then, each person performed 10 sequential simple services in the presence of spectators and under their psychological stress (to avoid seeing encounter location of the ball with the ground by the subjects, from the subject was wanted to rotate around 180 degrees after service). Then, according to the group, required feedback was provided to the person. After that, the scores of each person in their trials were recorded based on the APHRED volleyball service test. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the central indicators (Mean) and dispersion indicators (Standard Deviation) of the groups. After assuring the natural distribution of the data using Shapiro Wilk test, to test the research hypotheses, the parametric method of inferential statistics (One Way Anova) was used. An appropriate follow up test (Bonferroni test) was used to examine the differences between groups and in all cases, the significance level of 0.05 was considered. The results of the research showed that in the group of beginner players, the self-controlled feedback group had significantly higher scores than the paired (P=0/014) and control (P=0/028) groups, there was no significant difference between the paired and control groups (P=1/000); in the group of skilled players, there was no significant difference between the self-controlled feedback group with the paired group (P=1/000), while had significant difference with the control group (P=0/024), also there was significant difference between the paired and control groups (P=0/006). Regarding these results, in both beginner and skilled players, self-controlled feedback improves performance, but the beginner group than the skilled group gain more benefit from self-controlled feedback.  Keywords: Self-controlled feedback, volleyball service, beginner and skilled players.

AbstractResearch Aim: In old ages, erosivechanges occure in the body that causes disturbancesin the motor andcognitive process such as balance, reaction time and also quality of life onthem. This research aimed to examine the effect of 8 weeks core stability andcore stability_mindfulness on static and dynamic balance, reaction time andquality of life on elderly inactive women in care centers in Kermanshah city.Research method:   In this study, 30inactived elderly women from one of the elderly care centers of Kermanshah citywere selected randomly, and divided in to 3 groups, contains experimental group1, with core stability-mindfulness exercise, experimental group 2, with corestability,and control, that continued their usual daily activities during the researchperiod. In the first session, pre-tests were conducted. For the static balance test,the Romberg test, for dynamic balance, berg balance test, for reaction time,Lafayette Multi SelectorReaction Time Device, Model 63035 and for quality of life, Quality of lifequestionnaire SF-36 was used. Then experimental group 1 and 2, for 8 weeks and3 weekly sessions each 45 minutes, received their special exercises. Corestability exexrcises were based on Jeffrey's practice protocol, and mindfulnessexercises involving teaching mindfulness-based techniques. After the end of thetraining, post-tests were performed, by using the same procedure as thepre-tests.Findings: After ensuring thenormal distribution of data using the K-S test, the result of intra-groupcomparison with paired t-test showed that performance of the experimental group1 and 2 in static and dynamic balance and simple reaction time variables havebeen significantly improved (p<0/05), and thedifference between groups was significant in comparison between groups usingone way ANOVA test (p<0/05). The results ofscheffe post hoc test showed that the experimental group 1 compared to thecontrol group had a significant different in static and dynamic balancevariables (p<0/05). But there was nosignificant difference between the other groups. In the case of simple reactiontime, there was no difference between groups. In selective reaction time andquality of life, the results of in-group comparison showed that only theperformance of experimental group 1 was significantly improved form pre-test topost-test (p<0/05). In selectivereaction time variable comparison between groups showed that the difference betweengroups was not significant. But this difference was significant in the qualityof life variable (p<0/05), The results ofscheffe post hoc test showed that the performance of the experimental group 1was significantly different from the control group in the mentioned variable (p<0/05), but there was no significant difference betweenthe other groups.Conclusion:   The pattern of the resultsshows that combines physical exercises such as core stability with mindfulnessexercises, while reducing the psychological and physical stress of physicalexercises can be beneficial for physical and cognitive processes such as balanceand reaction time, and also quality of life for elderly people.  Keywords: core stability, mindfulness, static balance, dynamicbalance, reaction time, quality of life, aging.  

  AbstractThepurpose of this research was to determine the effect of adapted play trainingon adaptive behavior and motor development of educable mentally disabledstudent. The statistical populationof this study included all students with mental disability in preschool andstudents in grades 1, 2, 3. The sample included 80 students (40 boys and 40girls) who were randomly selected from 2 schools in harsin city. Then they weredivide into 2 groups: the experimental and control groups. The materials usedin this research were: Vineland Social Maturity Scale and Oseretsky Test ofMotor Proficiency. A pretest administered to both the experimental and controlgroups. Then adapted play employed on experimental group. A post test wasadministered to both groups at the end of the training. The results showed thatthere was significant difference between the mean scores of   Vineland social maturity scale   and Oseretsky test of motor proficiency inthe experimental and the control group in the post test (p<0.01). Also, theresults showed that between two groups (girls and boys) wasn't significantdifference between the mean scores of Vineland social maturity scale andOseretsky test of motor proficiency in the experimental and the control groupin the post test. Finding showed that the adapted play could increase adaptivebehavior and motor development in educable mentally disable students(p<0.01).  Keywords: Adapted play, adaptedbehavior, mentally disabled  

AbstractTheaim of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effects of 8 weeksaerobic exercise and Artichoke on liver fat levels and serum levels of ALT andAST in obese or overweight women with non-alcoholic fatty liver. For thispurpose, 32 obese or overweight women were randomly assigned to four groups ofArtichoke, aerobic exercise, Aerobic exercise - Artichoke and control groups.aerobic exercise – Artichoke and aerobic exercise groups performedmoderate-intensity aerobic exercises for eight weeks (three sessions per week)(RPE 11-13). Subjects in the Artichoke group, aerobic exercise – Artichokereceived after meals 60¬Cc Artichoke distillate. Sample collection wasperformed 48 hours before the protocol was executed and 48 hours after the lasttraining session to measure serum levels of ALT and AST and the lipid profile.Ultrasound of the liver was performed 48 hours before the protocol wasperformed and 48 hours after the end of the program to evaluate liver fatlevels. The results of the data analysis showed that performing aerobicexercise three sessions per week caused a significant decrease in the level offat in the liver in this group, and also performing aerobic exercise withsupplementary artichoke also had a beneficial effect on the levels of liver fatin these individuals, But there was no significant difference betweeninterventional groups. However, the ALT and AST liver enzymes only had asignificant improvement in aerobic exercise group, and no lipid profile in anyof the artichoke, aerobic training, and aerobic exercises with artichoketreatment was significant.Key Words: Cholesterol, Obesity, Diet, Type 2 Diabetes, Triglycerides

  The aim of this study is a comparison between the effects of two types of active recovery and cold water immersion on Hemolysis factors after one session practicing volleyball. This research has been done with a Quasi-experimental design and repeated measures of pre-test, post-test and follow up test. Ten women as volleyball player took part in this study (age 22.20± 3.39 years, weight 63.77 ± 8.11 kg, and High 165.10±7.09 cm). Practice protocol includes two sessions and every session took long 90 minutes practice with the interval of one week. Every session consisted of 30 minutes general and specialized warm up, 45 minutes practice of volleyball's techniques, and 15 minutes recovery. At the end of the first session, active and routine recoveries in volleyball field including jogging with tensional moves were applied. In addition, cold water immersion with 10 degrees centigrade shoulder-high was done at the end of the second session. Venous blood sampling with the aim of estimating the effect of practice in recoveries on hemolysis factors before practice, after practice, immediately after recovery, and 24 hours after recoveries, has been done from anti-cubital vein. Statistical analysis was run through Variance analysis with repeated measures and LSD test for comparing multiple pairwise for assessing averages difference with the level of confidence (p<./05). The results showed that after a volleyball training session with active and routine recovery, the measure of HGB, HCT, and RBC are decreased significantly after practice in compare to their levels before practice. Also, Bilirubin T, Bilirubin ind are increased significantly. However, 24 hours after practice in compare to immediately after practice, there was a significant decrease in Bilirubin T and a significant increase in MCV. Furthermore, comparison of hemolysis factors in recovery of cold water immersion indicated fewer modifications in compare to active recovery. What is important is the lack of meaningful difference in all factors. With respect to modifications made in factors, increasing Bilirubin, and controlling plasma volume, these findings can be a sing of hemolysis on a day after volleyball practice. Furthermore, based on statistical results, the types of recovery did not have any meaningful effect on hemolysis factors.

  One of the factors influencing learning and performing motor skills is attention and focusing it is a way to increase productivity and learning. One of the competitive conditions that can have an impact on the performance of the athlete is the presence of the spectator. The purpose of this study was to investigate the internal, external, and self-regulating attention on the dribble performance (speed and accuracy) of the Mamolan city’s futsalists. The research population is composed of 14-17 year-old expert futsalists from the Mamolan city. 32 futsalists of the mentiond population were selected as the research sample by available method. The Futsal Dribble Skill Test was taken into consideration from all individuals in different situations. The scores of accuracy and speed of athletes performance were enterd and analysed in    version 22 software. To assess the distribution of scores and descriptive statistics, Shapiro Wilk test, mean and standard deviation were used. Considering the significance of Shapiro Wilk test, non-parametric Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were used to test the research hypotheses. The results of this study showed that internal and self-regulated attention does not affect performance of dribbling accuracy and speed of athletes (p> 0.05). However, external attention showed a significant effect on the accuracy and speed performance of athlete dribbling (p <0.05). Also, the comparison of the differential effects of attentional focus showed that there was a significant difference between the accuracy and speed performance in the attentional focus of internal, external and self-regulating. According to the results, it can be argued that the focus of attention on performance is influenced by the presence of the spectator and should be considered as an important variable.

چاقي و اضافه‌وزن به همراه اختلالات ليپيدي و متابوليكي مرتبط با آن، يكي از نگراني‌هاي بسيار مهم در جهان امروز است. اخيرا تمرينات تناوبي پرشدت (HIIT) براي كاهش وزن بسيار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بنابراين هدف ما بررسي و مقايسه اثر حاد يك جلسه تمرين تناوبي پرشدت و تمرين هوازي بر نيمرخ چربي دختران داراي اضافه وزن است. به اين منظور ?? دختر جوان داراي اضافه وزن به روش نمونه­گيري غير­تصادفي در دسترس انتخاب شدند و همه آزمودني­ها در هر دو نوع تمرين شركت كردند. قبل از شروع آزمون، اندازه‌گيري‌هاي شاخص‌هايي از قبيل قد، وزن و شاخص توده بدن (BMI) انجام شد. تمرينات به صورت تك جلسه­اي انجام شد كه شامل يك جلسه تمرين HIIT و يك جلسه تمرين هوازي بود. براي اجراي پروتكل تمريني HIIT از ? تكرار ?? ثانيه‌اي آزمون وينگيت استفاده شد، به اين صورت كه آزمودني‌ها ?? دقيقه گرم كردن را بدون بار   انجام دادند، سپس به مدت ? دقيقه با سرعت ?? دور در دقيقه ركاب زدند و در نهايت ?? ثانيه با نهايت سرعت ركاب زدند. براي انجام تمرين هوازي آزمودني­ها بعد از ?? دقيقه گرم كردن، به مدت ?? دقيقه با شدت ?? درصد ضربان قلب حداكثر بر روي تردميل دويدند. نمونه­هاي خوني بلافاصله قبل و بعد از هر جلسه تمرين از وريد سفاليك آزمودني­ها در حالت ناشتا براي اندازه‌گيري سطوح نيمرخ چربي جمع آوري گرديد. سطوح نيمرخ چربي بعد از تمرينات HIIT بدون تغيير بود. با اين حال بعد از تمرين هوازي افزايش معنادار سطح HDL مشاهده شد. همچنين مقايسه نتايج دو جلسه تمريني نشان داد كه در تمرين HIIT سطوح كلسترول تام و LDL كاهش بيشتري داشت. به طور كلي تمرين هوازي را مي‌توان به عنوان روشي موثر براي بهبود سطوح نيمرخ چربي در نظر گرفت. همچنين مي‌توان از تمرين HIIT براي اين منظور و به عنوان روشي نوين و مفرح براي بهبود سطوح چربي خون بهره گرفت.

  Review:The aim of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of cognitive integration - move on some cognitive factors, balance and quality of life of older women is the city of Kermanshah. For this purpose, 30 elderly women with an average age of 54/6 ± 15/69 years through Wechsler scale software WMS-III, and focused attention from software Selectiv & Divaided attention version of Al-use design. Also stork stand test, to evaluate static balance and tug testing to assess the balance was Pvyaastfadh. they did. component focused attention has increased significantly compared to the control group (103/0 = (p. However, other results showed that cognitive exercises integration - movement has a significant effect in improving working memory (001 / p =), static balance ( 001 / 0p =), dynamic (000/0 (p = and quality of life  ) 000/0 (p = compared to the control group and the control group was not significant in any of the components level.  Key words: aging, static balance, dynamic, focused attention, working memory, quality of life

The aim of present study was investigating the acute and chronic effects of consuming Coenzyme Q10 supplement on rate of creatine phosphokinase after exhaustive aerobic activity of Bruce. For this purpose 12 out of 22 players of youth B’esat Kermanshah football team ranging from 17-19 in age volunteered to take part in this study. The study was conducted in 8 weeks and participants were posited into one situation but into two groups of control (N=12) and experimental (N=12). The experimental group during one session (acute effect) in 8 weeks (chronic effect) consumed 200 milligrams of coenzyme Q10 supplement (2 tablets each100 milligrams) daily. In order to exert muscular damage in subjects, they were tested by exhaustion test. The exhaustive Bruce test (running on the rotary bar model pulsar med 3p manufactured by the German company h/p cosmos) started with a speed of 1/7 miles per hour (2.74 kilometers per hour) and 10% tilt. Then in each stage 1.3 kilometers per hour and 2% tilt was added.   Exhaustion time is when the subjects are not able to run. In order to recognize the exhaustion subjects were talked to while performing the test and they declared that they are unable to continue running. Before and after the Bruce test in all three positons of acute, control, and chronic, 5 cc blood was bled from all subjects’ vein head elbow. BMI was calculated by the body composition measurement set called ZEUS 9.9 .The activity of serum total lactate dehydrogenase enzyme was determined by the CPK kit of Bio-System Company and auto-analyzer set (Biochemistry Synvva). All measurements were done form 9-11.5 pm in the same ventilation and light conditions. Data were analyzed by repeated measure paired – samples T Test at P ? 0.05.The results showed that consuming Coenzyme Q10 after exhaustive aerobic activities (Bruce test) caused a significant decrease of inflammatory markers in subjects’ blood’s creatine phosphokinasein the acute position. But in the chronic position no significant effect of consuming the supplement on decreasing blood’s creatine phosphokinase was observed.Conclusion:   Based on the results, it can be concluded that long-term (8 weeks) Coenzyme Q10 supplementation can reduce aerobic exercise-induced creatine kinase elevations (cellular damage indices).

    The aim of present study was investigating the acute and chronic effects of consuming Coenzyme Q10 supplement on rate of creatine phosphokinase after exhaustive aerobic activity of Bruce. For this purpose 12 out of 22 players of youth B’esat Kermanshah football team ranging from 17-19 in age volunteered to take part in this study. The study was conducted in 8 weeks and participants were posited into one situation but into two groups of control (N=12) and experimental (N=12). The experimental group during one session (acute effect) in 8 weeks (chronic effect) consumed 200 milligrams of coenzyme Q10 supplement (2 tablets each100 milligrams) daily. In order to exert muscular damage in subjects, they were tested by exhaustion test. The exhaustive Bruce test (running on the rotary bar model pulsar med 3p manufactured by the German company h/p cosmos) started with a speed of 1/7 miles per hour (2.74 kilometers per hour) and 10% tilt. Then in each stage 1.3 kilometers per hour and 2% tilt was added.   Exhaustion time is when the subjects are not able to run. In order to recognize the exhaustion subjects were talked to while performing the test and they declared that they are unable to continue running. Before and after the Bruce test in all three positons of acute, control, and chronic, 5 cc blood was bled from all subjects’ vein head elbow. BMI was calculated by the body composition measurement set called ZEUS 9.9 .The activity of serum total lactate dehydrogenase enzyme was determined by the LDH kit of Bio-System Company and auto-analyzer set (Biochemistry Synvva). All measurements were done form 9-11.5 pm in the same ventilation and light conditions. Data were analyzed by repeated measure paired – samples T Test at P ? 0.05.The results showed that consuming Coenzyme Q10 after exhaustive aerobic activities (Bruce test) caused a significant decrease of inflammatory markers in subjects’ blood’s creatine phosphokinasein the acute position. But in the chronic position no significant effect of consuming the supplement on decreasing blood’s creatine phosphokinase was observed.Conclusion:   Based on the results, it can be concluded that long-term (8 weeks) Coenzyme Q10 supplementation can reduce aerobic exercise-induced lactate dehydrogenase elevations (cellular damage indices).Keywords: coenzyme Q10 supplement, lactate dehydrogenase, exhaustive Bruce test.

  The aim of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of cognitive integration -move on lipid profile and some physical fitness in elderly women Faktvhay city of Kermanshah. For this purpose, 30 subjects elderly women with an average age of 54/6 ± 15/69 years through volunteers were selected and randomly divided into control and experimental, and after blood sampling, test stand stork, test (go and back) tug , Wales and sit in order to evaluate static balance, dynamic balance, flexibility and hamstring muscles of the back, leg muscle strength and the use of hand-held dynamometer was used to measure muscle strength. The control group without any interference to their own daily routine and Group Exercise 8 week training protocol integrated cognitive exercises - rally. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to ensure normal distribution of data using independent t-test and t Shd.zmvn To examine the differences within and among the training group were employed. Intra-group analysis showed that triglyceride and LDL component of the training group and power, compared to the control group showed no significant difference, however, reduce cholesterol, increase HDL, increase in static balance, dynamic balance, increase flexibility and increase leg muscle strength compared to the control group was statistically significant. Based on the results obtained from this study is integrated motion exercises significant influence Drklstrvl, HDL, static balance, dynamic balance, flexibility and strength of the lower extremities (legs) in the city of Kermanshah were elderly women.

Ghrelin and obestatin are orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, respectively, which are believed to be important in the regulation of energy homeostasis and body weight control. Studies on the effects of exercise on ghrelin and obestatin, especially in human, are few and limited. One the other hand, it has been shown that hypoxic conditions can also effect hormones levels. Thus, The aim of this study had been investigated the effects of resistance exercise in hypoxic conditions and normoxic on plasma levels of ghrelin and obestatin in healthy girls.In this regard 12 active women with an average age of 27±3/53 years, performed strength training in hypoxic conditions and normoxic in different days. Resistance exercise was included 5 sets of 10 repetition at 70% of one repetition maximum bench press and squat with barbell. The rest Time between sets and activities was a minute. The condition of hypoxia (O2=14) was suffered before performoing of resistance exercise and continued up to the end of the activity. Blood samples were taken form the each of subject twice for each of session (before and immediately after exercise activity). The results showed that acute effects of resistance exercise in hypoxic and normoxic conditions does not influence plasma of ghrelin and ghrelin into obestatin. while it decrease significant plasma levels of obeststin in conditions of hypoxia (P=0.004). In general, we can conclude that resistance activity in hypoxic conditions has greater impact on obestatin hormone than normoxia conditions.                                                AbstractGhrelin and obestatin are orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, respectively, which are believed to be important in the regulation of energy homeostasis and body weight control. Studies on the effects of exercise on ghrelin and obestatin, especially in human, are few and limited. One the other hand, it has been shown that hypoxic conditions can also effect hormones levels. Thus, The aim of this study had been investigated the effects of resistance exercise in hypoxic conditions and normoxic on plasma levels of ghrelin and obestatin in healthy girls.In this regard 12 active women with an average age of 27±3/53 years, performed strength training in hypoxic conditions and normoxic in different days. Resistance exercise was included 5 sets of 10 repetition at 70% of one repetition maximum bench press and squat with barbell. The rest Time between sets and activities was a minute. The condition of hypoxia (O2=14) was suffered before performoing of resistance exercise and continued up to the end of the activity. Blood samples were taken form the each of subject twice for each of session (before and immediately after exercise activity). The results showed that acute effects of resistance exercise in hypoxic and normoxic conditions does not influence plasma of ghrelin and ghrelin into obestatin. while it decrease significant plasma levels of obeststin in conditions of hypoxia (P=0.004). In general, we can conclude that resistance activity in hypoxic conditions has greater impact on obestatin hormone than normoxia conditions.

  The aim of this study was to Comparing the effects of aerobic exercise in hypoxic and normoxic conditions on plasma levels of ghrelin and obestatin in male physical education students. For this purpose, 12 subjects with    of body mass index and the ages ranged from 19 to 25 years who until have not been above 2000m altitude from two months before the beginning of the study, volunteered to participate in the study. The exercised intervention included both aerobic exercises which had done in two conditions of hypoxic and normoxia   So that the distance between the two session for each subject was at least a week. Hypoxic and normoxic conditions was randomly arranged and 6 participants at first who experienced normoxic and 6 other first of all had experienced   normoxic / then Hypoxic conditions. Aerobic exercise included 45 minutes pedaling work over the gauge wheels with 65-70% heart.rate reserve and the intensity of hypoxic was equivalent to 14% oxygen. Blood samples to measure ghrelin and obestatin levels were taken in 4 times in fasting condition, immediately before and after exercise. The findings showed that one session of aerobic exercise in hypoxic condition the obestatin levels, significantly reduced (p=0.021), However in normoxic condition, Obestatin levels did not change. Ghrelin and the ratio of ghrelin to obestatin did not change significantly in any conditions.

  آثار حاد و مزمن تمرين تناوبي شديد بر سطوح تستوسترون،كورتيزول و نيم رخ چربي در كودكان چاق و داراي اضافه وزن