Introduction and Purpose: Poor cervical control is a common musculoskeletal problem among students, arising from lifestyle changes, prolonged sitting, excessive mobile phone use, and reduced physical activity. This disorder can negatively affect balance, athletic performance, and movement quality. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) exercises and the Thrower’s Ten program on dynamic and static balance, landing mechanics, lower-limb movement variables, jumping performance, cervical proprioception, deep cervical muscle strength, and cervical range of motion in female students with poor cervical control. Methods: This study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design. The statistical population consisted of 45 female students with poor cervical control who were randomly assigned to three groups: Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization exercises (n = 15), Thrower’s Ten exercises (n = 15), and a control group (n = 15). The training protocols were performed for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. Research variables were assessed using the following tools: dynamic balance with the Y Balance Test, static balance with the Romberg Test, landing mechanics with the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS), movement performance indices with single-leg hop, triple hop, crossover hop, and 6-second hop tests, cervical range of motion using an inclinometer, cervical proprioception using an inclinometer, and cervical control weakness using a Pressure Biofeedback Unit. Pre-tests were conducted 24 hours before the start of the training program, and post-tests were performed one day after the completion of the intervention. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and paired t-tests at a significance level of P < 0.05, utilizing    software version 26. Results: The findings of the present study showed significant improvements in dynamic and static balance, landing mechanics, cervical range of motion, cervical proprioception, and functional performance following both Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization and Thrower’s Ten training protocols. However, no significant differences were observed in the control group. In some variables, the Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization protocol demonstrated superior effects. Conclusion: Based on the findings, both Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization and Thrower’s Ten exercises can improve balance, lower-limb movement quality, proprioception and strength of deep cervical muscles, and cervical range of motion in students with poor cervical control. These exercises can be considered effective approaches in preventive and rehabilitation programs. Keywords: Poor cervical control; Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization; Thrower’s Ten; Dynamic balance.

   Abstract Introduction: Sports performance is influenced by several physical, physiological, and psychological factors. In the field of sports, there has always been a search for performance-enhancing techniques. Most research has focused on the muscles, lungs, and heart. As a result, the importance of the brain in regulating sports performance has received less attention. Many studies have shown that the brain plays a key role in the development of fatigue and, consequently, influences sports performance. The mechanisms responsible for fatigue may be central or peripheral. The high demands placed on athletes by coaches to improve performance have increased interest in enhancing performance using new approaches. The use of techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or post-activation potentiation (PAP) protocols has become a popular topic in sports science, based on observations that they may benefit sports performance. Therefore, the researchers in the present study sought to determine the acute effects of tDCS and PAP on functional, cognitive, and perceptual parameters in trained women.    Methods: In this study, 12 trained female athletes who met the inclusion criteria participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. In a preliminary session, after subjects were introduced to the research procedures and their anthropometric characteristics were measured, their one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the barbell squat was assessed. One week later, subjects were randomly exposed to five different conditions across five separate sessions, with one week between sessions: 1) M1 anodal tDCS, 2) Sham stimulation, 3) PAP protocol, 4) PAP + tDCS, and 5) tDCS + PAP. In each session, resting blood pressure and heart rate were first measured, followed by the Stroop test and a choice reaction time test. Immediately after completing each experimental condition, the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), pleasure, arousal, pain, heart rate, and blood pressure were recorded. The choice reaction time and Stroop tests were then repeated. Subsequently, subjects performed the lower-body Wingate anaerobic test, and the results were recorded. Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA with    27 software. Results: The data showed no significant differences in the changes in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, peak power, mean power, reaction time, pain, arousal, or RPE following the interventions (P > 0.05). For the RPE variable, the overall difference between conditions was significant; however, post-hoc tests with appropriate correction did not reveal significant pairwise differences between specific conditions (P > 0.05). For inhibitory control, the results indicated significant improvements in the tDCS and PAP+tDCS conditions (P ? 0.05). Conclusion: In general, the results of the present study suggest that acute tDCS improves the functional parameter of the fatigue index and the cognitive parameter of inhibitory control in trained women. Similarly, the combination of PAP + tDCS also improves inhibitory control. However, the PAP intervention alone did not have a significant effect on any of the variables measured. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.    Keywords: transcranial direct current stimulation, post-activation potentiation, Wingate, Stroop, fatigue

  Investigating the Relationship

   Abstract Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition in children and is frequently accompanied by deficits in motor proficiency and behavioral self-regulation. Impairments in fine and gross motor skills, reduced motor coordination, and elevated behavioral symptoms are well documented in children with ADHD. Previous research suggests that motor-based interventions and vitamin D supplementation may enhance neuromuscular functioning and behavioral outcomes. The present study aimed to examine the effects of play therapy based on the Ball School approach, vitamin D supplementation, and their combination on motor proficiency and behavioral symptom severity in girls aged 10–12 years with ADHD. Research Method: This semi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest design with a control group. After screening using the ADHD-RS(DSM-5) and clinical confirmation, 60 girls with ADHD were randomly assigned to four groups: play therapy, vitamin D supplementation, combined intervention (play therapy + vitamin D), and control. Interventions were administered for eight weeks. Motor proficiency was assessed using the BOTMP-2 (total, fine, and gross motor scores), and behavioral symptoms were evaluated using the ADHD-RS(DSM-5). Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and MANCOVA while controlling for pretest scores. Results: The type of intervention had a significant effect on total motor proficiency, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, and ADHD-RS(DSM-5) behavioral symptoms (p < 0.001). All three interventions demonstrated significant improvements compared with the control group. The combined intervention showed the greatest overall improvements in motor proficiency; however, its superiority over the single interventions was not consistently significant across all variables. For behavioral symptoms ADHD-RS(DSM-5), all interventions produced comparable reductions in symptom severity with no significant differences among the three treatment groups. Conclusion: The findings indicate that play therapy, vitamin D supplementation, and their combination are effective in enhancing motor proficiency and reducing ADHD-related behavioral symptoms in children. The combined intervention appears to offer added benefits in some motor domains, supporting a multidimensional approach to rehabilitation. Integrating structured motor activities with nutritional support may provide an efficient and practical strategy for improving functional outcomes in children with ADHD. Keywords: ADHD; Motor proficiency; Play therapy; Ball School; Vitamin D; BOTMP-2; ADHD-RS(DSM-5); Children

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the physical fitness indicators related to the mental health of elite veteran athletes in individual sports in Kermanshah. Methodology: This study was fundamental and employed a descriptive-correlational design with a field-based approach. The statistical population comprised elite veteran athletes in individual sports residing in Kermanshah, from whom 54 individuals were purposefully and conveniently selected. Inclusion criteria included general health, a history of national team membership or five years of competition at the highest level, and an age range of 40 to 60 years. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaires, dietary recall, the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Additionally, standard devices and tests assessed body composition parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and endurance. The normality of the data was evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and statistical analyses were conducted at a significance level of 0.05 using    26 software. Results: The results indicated that among elite veteran athletes in individual sports in Kermanshah, men had significantly higher cardiorespiratory fitness (p<0.01), upper-body endurance (p=0.003), lower-body endurance (p=0.021), upper-body muscular strength (p<0.001), and lower-body muscular strength (p=0.0001) compared to women. However, no significant difference was observed between genders in flexibility (p=0.61). Body composition also differed, with men having a higher body mass index (p=0.008), muscle weight (p<0.001), and waist-to-hip ratio (p=0.003), whereas women had a higher percentage of body fat (p<0.001) and fat weight (p=0.048). Furthermore, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of quality of life (p=0.82), mental health (p=0.17), and life satisfaction (p=0.19). Conclusion: The findings revealed significant differences in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance and strength, and body composition between men and women, while no significant difference was observed in flexibility. Men exhibited higher cardiorespiratory fitness, which can be attributed to morphological differences, body composition, and hemoglobin levels. Additionally, men had greater muscular endurance and strength, likely due to higher muscle mass and force production capacity. Body composition differences were also evident, with women having a higher body fat percentage and men having greater muscle mass. However, flexibility showed no significant difference between the two groups. These findings align with previous research and highlight the importance of considering physiological and morphological differences between genders when analyzing physical fitness characteristics.   

  ackground: and Objective: Neck pain is one of the most disabling factors in the world, causing severe disability in performing daily and occupational tasks. One of the ways to reduce neck pain is to use massage therapy, which has been used in recent years. Some people with chronic neck pain also use kinesiotape. However, it is not clear to what extent this type of exercise is beneficial for neck pain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of massage + kinesiotape and massage on forward head tilt, VAS, neck muscle strength, neck range of motion, and neck proprioception in women with chronic no  ecific neck pain. Methods: In this study, 33 women with chronic neck pain (28 remained until the end of the study) were randomly divided into two groups: massage exercises + kinesiotape and massage exercises. The exercise program was performed for 4 weeks (12 sessions) for both groups and kinesiotape for the massage + kinesiotape group; a pre-test was taken 24 hours before the start of the exercise protocol and a post-test was taken one day after the end of the exercise protocol. The statistical method of the paired t-test was used to examine intra-group changes, and the independent t-test was used for comparison between groups. All calculations were performed with    version 26 software, and a significance level of P > 0.05 was considered. Findings: Based on the findings of the present study, head forward, VAS, neck muscle strength (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral), neck range of motion (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral), neck proprioception (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral), quality of life, NDI, depression scale, anxiety, stress, fear of movement, pain self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing increased after the exercise protocol in both groups. Also, there was a significant difference in NDI, stress, fear of movement, pain self-efficacy, VAS, neck muscle strength (flexion, left lateral and right lateral), and neck range of motion (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral) between the two groups, and massage + kinesiotape had a better effect. Conclusion: In general, it can be said that 4 weeks of massage practice improves chronic neck pain, and massage practice + kinesiotape has a better effect on neck healing.

   Abstract Neck pain is one of the common problems in human societies and it causes spine injuries, disability, reduced quality of life and fear of movement. Also, neck pain causes neck abnormalities, such as forward head posture, and this condition causes postural abnormalities, discomfort, pain, and neck weakness. One of the ways to reduce neck pain is the use of massage therapy, which in recent years has been used in active release technique and myofascial release technique training methods; However, it is not known to what extent this type of exercise is useful for neck pain, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of active release and myofascial release on forward head posture, visual analogue scale (VAS), neck muscle strength, range of motion, neck proprioception, and quality of life, NDI, scale of depression, anxiety, stress, fear of tempo movement, pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing in female students with non-specific chronic neck pain. In this research, 45 women patients with chronic neck pain were randomly divided into three groups of 15 people: active release exercises, myofascial release exercises, and control. Each group received a 2 weeks (6 sessions) treatment; 24 hours before the start of the pre-test exercise protocol and one day after the end of the exercise protocol, the post-test was taken. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, dependent t-test and Bonferroni's post hoc test at a significance level of P<0.05 using    version 26 software. Based on the findings of the present study, there was a significant increase in quality of life data, NDI, depression scale, anxiety and stress, pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, VAS, strength (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral), range of motion (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral) and neck proprioception (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral) were observed in the active release group, P<0.05. Also, in the myofascial release group in quality of life data, NDI, depression scale, anxiety and stress, pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, VAS, strength (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral), range of motion (flexion) , extension, left lateral and right lateral) and neck proprioception (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral) a significant increase was observed P<0.05. However, no significant increase was observed in the control group, and no significant effect was observed in the data of fear of tempo movement, forward head posture in any of the groups. It seems that active release and myofascial release exercises play an important role in improving quality of life, NDI, depression scale, anxiety and stress, pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, VAS, neck muscle strength, range of motion, and neck proprioception. Keywords: neck pain, forward head posture, active release, myofascial release.

  In recent years, childhood obesity has become a widespread global issue. On the other hand, with the increase in the spread of the Covid-19 disease in the world and the imposition of restrictions, it has led to a further increase in overweight and obesity in children. Since obesity and thinness are important factors that threaten health, and dealing with them requires having information about their prevalence and risk factors, in order to improve habits related to nutrition and physical activity, as well as adopting preventive strategies in order to reduce the epidemic. Adolescent obesity, creating a better insight in relation to the interaction of physical activity, nutrition and the quality of life of adolescents seems necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the level of physical activity, obesity, eating behaviors and quality of life in male and female students after the covid-19 pandemic.

مواد و روش‌ها: براي اين پژوهش 90 سر موش‌ صحرايي نر چهارتا پنج‌هفته‌اي تشكيل خواهند داد؛ كه پس از دو هفته سازگاري با محيط جديد و القاي چاقي و ديابت، به‌طور تصادفي در نه گروه (با 10 سر موش در هر گروه) شامل: 1- كنترل (ديابت نوع 2)، 2- تمرين (ديابت نوع 2)، 3- مكمل­دهي ويتامين D (ديابت نوع 2)، 4- تمرين + مكمل­دهي ويتامين D (ديابت نوع 2)، 5- دارونما (ديابت نوع 2)، 6- تمرين (سالم)، 7- تمرين+ مكمل­دهي ويتامين D (سالم)، 8- مكمل­دهي ويتامين D (سالم) و 9- شم قرار خواهند ‌گرفت. برنامه­ي فعاليت بدني هوازي شامل گرم كردن، دويدن روي تردميل با شيب صفر درصد و سرد كردن در هشت هفته و پنج روز در هفته به مدت 60 دقيقه و با شدت 60-50 درصد VO2max خواهد بود. گروه مكمل­دهي ويتامين D و گروه تمرين به همراه مكمل­دهي ويتامين D رت‌هاي سالم و ديابتي در هر هفته 5000 واحد بين‌المللي ويتامين D را به‌صورت تزريقي دريافت خواهند‌ كرد. در صورت طبيعي بودن داده‌ها (آزمون شاپيرو)، تفاوت بين گروهي با استفاده از آزمون ANOVA يك طرفه بررسي خواهد شد و آزمون تعقيبي از نوع توكي خواهد بود؛ در غير اين صورت، آزمون ناپارامتريك استفاده مي‌شود؛ نرم‌افزار مورد استفاده    26 و سطح معناداري 05/0 خواهد بود.  

  It has been stated that high-intensity intermittent activity can cause damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation by producing reactive oxygen-nitrogen species, and as a result, reduce sports performance. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of short-term consumption of omega-3 supplements on C-reactive protein, muscle damage, and liver enzymes following a session of high-intensity interval training in overweight girls. To carry out this clinical trial, 24 women in the age range of 20 to 25 years were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two omega-3 supplement groups after completing the health form and written consent from the overweight girls of Razi University of Kermanshah (12). people and placebo (12 people) will be placed

The central muscles of the body and the lumbar-pelvic region are the foundation of the body and are considered the so-called engine of the body that provides movement for all organs, which makes this area important. The mentioned areas are considered as kinetic areas, which are responsible for the communication between the lower and upper limbs, as well as the transfer of power and torque between the two upper and lower torsos in sports skills and daily activities. In recent years, there have been hypotheses that the instability, lack of strength and lack of coordination of the muscles in the upper limbs compared to the lower limbs, has a greater effect on the center of the body and the function of the muscles and joints of this area. The aim of our current research is to investigate the effect of lumbar-pelvic motor control disorders on balance, motor function and scapular movement disorders in throw ball athletes of Kermanshah province  

   The Effect of Six-Week Neruomuscular Exercises in Combination with Cognitive-Motivational and Mindfulness Interventions on Pain, Function, Neurofeedback Factores, Kinesiophobia, and Self-Reported Knee Instability Improvement in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis in Hamedan Province    Abstract Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease with its negative consequences. It knowns as the third cause of disability in the world. In order to improve the quality of life and increase physical performance, Kinesiophobia, self-reported instability, flexion contracture, the risk of falling and increase the ability to maintain balance, in this research, we used the effectiveness of 6 weeks of neuromuscular exercises with a combination of cognitive-motivational interventions and mindfulness in women with knee osteoarthritis in Hamadan city. Methods: This study is a single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, which is an experimental type with a pre-test&am  ost-test and control group design; It was carried out in the sports rehabilitation center of the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Bu Ali Sina University in the period of February to September 1400. In this research, 60 women with knee osteoarthritis were selected and   they randomly were divided into three groups: (1): Neuromuscular exercises with motivational interviewing (20 people) group, (2): Neuromuscular exercises with mindfulness interventions (20 people) group and (3): Neuromuscular exercises (control) group Before and after six weeks of interventions,   ain was evaluated with a visual analog scale(VAS), physical performance with WOMAC questionnaire, quality of life with SF36, Kinesiophobia with TSK-17, knee instability (KI) with Fitzgard scale, time up and go (TUG) and and time of up and down stairs tests, walking pattern with Zebris device, balance with Biodex device and berg questionnaire, the Single Leg Lift test, flexion range of motion, knee proprioception and Knee Flexion Contracture (KFC) with goniometer and finally pain-related neurofeedback factors were evaluated with Percomp Infini device. Data were analyzed by    version 22 software and independent sample t-test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The research findings showed that based on intra-group comparisons, all three groups of NM+MI, NM+MF and NM exercises after six weeks of training in all factors (pain, performance, (TUG), time of up and down stairs tests and static and dynamic balance, (KFC), berg, stepping pattern, pain-related neurofeedback factors, knee proprioception, TSK, (KI)) experienced a significant improvement (p<0.05). But after the adjustment of the pre-test, the comparison of the groups in the post-test showed that the NM + MI group in comparison to the the NM+MF group ,   they improved pain, (TUG), time of up and down stairs tests the overall balance score in the eyes closed position, and anterior-posterior oscillations. the NM + MI group had a more significant effect than the NM+MF group (p<0.05); However, the NM+MF group only improved the quality of life compared to the NM+MI group (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this study, it was found that the application of psychological interventions along with physical exercises can have a double effect. Among the psychological interventions used, motivational interviewing is more effective in improving symptoms and commitment & interest in continuing treatment in patients with osteoarthritis.    Key Words: Knee instability, Osteoarthritis, Motivational Interview, Mind fullness, Neuromascular exercises, Nerofeedback, Kinesiofobia, Flexion contracture.

The purpose of this research was to examine and diagnose corruption in sports in Kermanshah and to provide a suitable management model and ways to deal with it. In terms of purpose, the present research was applied, research method was descriptive and it was a survey type of study that was conducted in a field and in a mixed manner. In the qualitative part, the statistical population includes 17 people from the province's sports management elites and champions, coaches and sports managers, and in the quantitative part, it includes 384 people from university professors, presidents and vice presidents, experts, athletes, veterans, coaches and employees of the Sports and Youth Department. They were at the level of Kermanshah. In the qualitative part, the open, axial and selective coding method was used based on the Strauss and Corbin (1998) paradigm model, and in the quantitative part, the structural equation method was used. The findings of the research were examined in all five dimensions of contextual factors, causal factors, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. The results showed that the strategies resulting from the model include: dealing with corrupt people, dealing with corruption in the media, planning to fight corruption, revising laws, processes and structures, appointing competent people, creating a culture to reduce corruption, monitoring and evaluation. The proper continuous is the clarification of the processes. Therefore, it is recommended to use the results of this research in order to reduce the damage caused by corruption and its management in sports of the province.   

   Abstract: Introduction: Back pain as a musculoskeletal disorder that has a high prevalence in all human societies. It has always been of interest to therapists. The purpose of this research is the relationship between the angle of the lumbar arch and the length of the hamstring muscles in women aged 30-60 with and without chronic back pain. Methods: In this comparative - correlation study, the number of 108 women with the average age (years) 42.89 ± 9.17, height (cm) 161.99 ± 5.12, weight (kg) 15.20 ± 69.87, body mass index (kilograms per square meter) 26.63 ± 6.27 into two groups, 50 people with chronic back pain and 58 people with no history of back pain. and without a history of back pain, 58 people who were selected by a targeted vote at the Mahdia Clinic in Kermanshah, between September and February, 1400 Pain was assessed by comparing VAS and back arch using a flexible ruler and the length of hamstring muscles with AKE test. the data obtained in the research process were analyzed by Yeoman-Whitne. Results: Research results show that, there is a significant difference between the lumbar arch group of women with history of back pain and the group without history of chronic back pain (P=0.006). also, there is a significant difference between the length of the hamstring muscles of women with history of back pain and the group without history of back pain (0.001). Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the present study, it showed that the lumbar arch of the participants in women with a history of chronic back pain also, the length of hamstring muscles in women with history of back pain was shorter than women without history of back pain. Therefore, there was a weak correlation between the two groups in the two mentioned variables. Therefore, due to the fact that the shortness of the hamstring muscle and the increase in the lumbar arch causes limitation in the anterior tilt of the pelvis, bending of the hip joint and causes extra load on the vertebrae and causes back pain. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the length of the hamstring muscles and reduce the arch of the back As suitable solutions, they should be used to reduce the intensity of pain and disability of patients so that they can prevent the risk of future injuries of these people.

   Today, sports and physical activity are considered as the main key to people's health and the development of society. But sometimes the emergence of some challenges and obstacles may have a negative effect on it, based on this, the present research was conducted with the aim of using the opinion of experts in identifying the challenges and obstacles of sports in Kermanshah. The current applied research was a qualitative study with a descriptive-survey implementation. In terms of data collection, it was a field using semi-structured interviews. 15 experts entered the research in a snowball method (until reaching theoretical saturation) from among academic staffs of universities, prominent athletes and experts in the field of sports in Kermanshah. After coding the categories, a total of 113 concepts were identified, whose components in causal terms include: cultural (6 cases), social (3 cases), managerial and technical (5 cases), and economic (4 cases). , in contextual conditions including: cultural (9 cases), managerial and technical (3 cases), economic (3 cases) and legal (2 cases), in intervening conditions including: cultural (9 cases), managerial and technical (6 cases), economic (3 cases), and legal (2 cases), in strategies include: including: cultural (7 cases), educational (4 cases), managerial and technical (7 cases), economic (5 cases) case), media (4 cases), legal and legal (5 cases) and facility facilities (5 cases) and finally in the consequences including: cultural-social (8 cases), economic (3 cases) and healthy lifestyle (5 cases). Based on the current findings, there are certain challenges and obstacles in the sports of Kermanshah according to the opinion of experts, which should be resolved in order to develop sports in Kermanshah. Therefore, it is recommended that the policy makers of Kermanshah look at these challenges and strategies resulting from the current research as a guide and use them to increase the tendency towards sports and its growth and development. Keywords: Development, Cultural Challenge, Cultural Barriers, Culture, Sports.

  Abstract Objective: Considering the importance of physical fitness in female adolescent students, which is assessed by physical fitness factors (sitting, horizontal, 540 m running and flexibility) and the importance of nutritional knowledge and attitude of female adolescents and the growing trend of low food intake. Value among adolescents and little research of external sources and lack of internal research in this field, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between consumption of low value foods on strength, endurance, flexibility, body mass index and academic performance of 13 to 15 female students in Kangavar. Materials and Methods: From 200 female students aged 13 to 15 years in Kangavar, the selected schools were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method; According to Morgan's table, the minimum number of subjects should be 181, which due to the decline during the research process, 200 people were selected and finally 200 subjects participated in the present study. The mean and standard deviation of the subjects was 14.27 66 0.66 years. In this study, height and weight were measured and body mass index was classified and calculated using body growth charts for children in this age group (NHANES-I). Mean and standard deviation of height, weight and body mass index were 6.41 ± 160.63 cm, 10.75 ± 55.57 kg and kg / m23.63 ± 21.48, respectively. To measure cardiorespiratory endurance from the 540 m test, to measure endurance and muscular strength of the shoulder muscles from the modified horizontal bar, to measure the endurance of the abdominal muscles from sitting and lying down, and to measure the FTF and خلفي (thigh) of the flexibility box. Plasticity was used. A questionnaire designed by the researcher was used to assess the frequency of consumption of low-value foods in the subjects. The Shah Mohammadi Questionnaire (2014) was used to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and nutritional behavior. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the data, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (k-s) test was used to check the normality of the data. In addition, Spearman correlation was used to examine the correlation of variables. For all statistical tests, a significance level of p <0.05 was considered. Also,    statistical software version 24 was used to perform statistical calculations. Results: There was an inverse relationship between the consumption of low-value foods and health-related physical fitness factors including cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance of the abdominal muscles and shoulder girdle, and of the كمر at كمر and خلفي خلفي (thigh). Was observed (P <0.05). Also, there was a direct and significant relationship between the consumption of low-value foods and body mass index in the subjects (P?0.05). There was a significant inverse relationship between consumption of low value foods and nutritional knowledge and behavior in the subjects (P?0.05). But there was no significant relationship between the consumption of low-value foods and nutritional attitudes in the subjects (P <0.05). Also, there was no significant relationship between the consumption of low-value foods and the grade point average of the subjects (P <0.05). Conclusion: Considering that in the present study, with the increase in the consumption of low-value foods, the physical fitness of students has decreased and the amount of body mass index has increased; And nutritional knowledge and behavior declined. If we do not pay attention to the high consumption of low-value foods, we will probably see a high rate of non-communicable diseases in adolescents. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to parents and policy makers in the field of nutrition and physical activity in the community and schools and the national policy of these policies. Keywords: students, physical fitness, physical activity, obesity, low value food

Abstract Introduction: Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorder that is the cause of disability and absence from work. The purpose of this study, the effect of eight weeks of aqua and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization exercises on pain, disability, lumbopelvic control, postural sways and plantar pressure distribution in Patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. Methods: This is a one-way blinded randomized controlled clinical trial with a pre-test, post-test design and a control group; It was performed in the Sports Rehabilitation Center of Razi University, Faculty of Sports Sciences, from September to February 2020. In this study, 36 patients with non-specific chronic low back pain were randomly divided into three groups: dynamic neuromuscular stabilization exercises (n = 12), aqua exercise (n = 12) and control (n = 12). lumbopelvic control of patients with biofeedback pressure, symmetry index and postural sways with PT-scan, spine posture with spinal mouse, pain intensity with visual analog scale and inability of oswestry disability index in pre-test and post-test . The training groups participated in the training interventions for 8 weeks and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The data obtained in the research process were analyzed by paired t-test, analysis of ANCOVA and mix-ANOVA and Bonferreni test with    software version 22. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between aqua exercise exercises and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization in improving pain, disability, lumbar-pelvic control, postural sways and plantar pressure distribution in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. (P >0/05). Both groups had a significant improvement in the indicators of pain, disability and lumbopelvic control compared to the control group (P <0/05). Also in comparison within the group, both types of exercises had a significant decrease in pain intensity, disability, lumbopelvic control, lumbar range of motion, symmetry index and postural sways (P <0/05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, aqua exercise and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization exercises have been almost equally effective in reducing pain intensity, disability and improving pelvic lumbar control in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain.   

  Abstarct:       Background: One of the most important body responses during ascend to altitude is weight loss, that its one of the ways to prevent obesity-related diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluated the effect of 6 weeks HIIT training in the conditions of hypoxia and normoxia on liver enzymes levels and Maximum fat oxidation in overweight women. Material and Methods: in thise study 20 overweight female and non-athletes participated Voluntary and after recall and were divided into two equal groups. They were allocated randomly in either HIIT training in Normoxia conditions group (age:27.50±3.536 and BMI: 26.94±2.03) or to HIIT training in Hypoxia conditions group (age:26.80±4.05 and BMI:27.38±1.49). Both of groups performed HIIT training for six weeks and three times a week. The HIIT sessions consisted of intervals of 30-s work at 90% VO2peak and 30-s inactive rest, and increased by 5 min every week to reach 45 min in the last week. All exercise sessions started with unloaded 5-min warm-up cycling and ended with unloaded 5-min cool-down cycling at a cadence of 70 rpm. Blood samples were obtained 48 hours before and after six weeks of HIIT training in fasting state. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to normalize the data distribution. Changes of data was analyzed by dependent and independed t-test, at the significant level of P<0.05 and using    version 21. Results: These findings suggest that 18 sessions high-intensity interval training significantly reduced weight and body mass index. It also significantly decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and significantly increased the maximum fat oxidation. But the level of alanine aminotransferase and lipid Profiles only in the normoxia group significantly decreased.    Conclusion: According to the results of this study can be concluded that HIIT training in hypoxic conditions is likely to postpone a preventive method for diseases associated with overweight and obesity. Therefore, the HIIT training as an non-invasive and non-pharmacological method is considered   that obese and   inactive individuals is recommended. Key words: Hypoxia, HIIT, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, MFO.