The present study aimed to examine the scientific and social dimensions of the literature related to sports corruption and provides a multidimensional picture of this field. Analysis of scientometric and altmetric data showed that scientific production in this field is mainly concentrated in English-speaking countries, especially the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, and these countries have the highest number of highly cited articles. The findings also showed that some sensitive topics, such as sports betting, doping, and management scandals, have had a wide social impact despite limited scientific citation, while articles with high scientific citations have been seen mainly in research communities and have received less public attention. The correlation between citation, altmetric, and social media indicators showed that scientific and social impact are not necessarily aligned and that each indicator represents a different dimension of research impact. This study shows that effective sports anti-corruption policies require synergy between scientific research, smart policymaking, and social participation. The results of the study can help develop tra  arency frameworks, improve governance structures, develop data systems, and promote interaction between knowledge and society, and provide a clear path for planning and implementing anti-corruption policies in national and international sports.

Abstract Background: Mental health is one of the main dimensions of health and a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development, which has a decisive impact on the quality of individual and social life. However, the increasing prevalence of mental disorders, especially in developing societies and among women, has doubled the need to design effective and accessible interventions. Physical activity, including resistance training, as a well-known non-pharmacological method, plays a significant role in improving indicators such as quality of life, anxiety, self-confidence, and body image. In addition to exercise, new technologies such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) also help improve psychological functions by inducing lasting neural changes. Previous research shows that the combination of these two methods can produce powerful synergistic effects; however, most previous research has examined the combination of tDCS and aerobic exercise, and fewer studies have focused on the simultaneous effects of resistance training and tDCS. Also, most of these studies have been conducted on men and there is insufficient evidence for women. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of four weeks of resistance training combined with tDCS on various dimensions of mental health in young women. Methodology: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-sectional design. 24 female subjects with no history of exercise training participated in this study. After the groups were determined, all participants attended a briefing session, and in the same session, one repetition maximum was measured using an estimated method based on the guidelines provided for estimating one repetition maximum. One week after the briefing session, pre-test measurements were taken 4 days before the start of the first training session. After completing the measurements in the pre-test phase, the "anodal + training" group performed a resistance training program for 4 weeks along with receiving non-invasive anodal brain stimulation after each resistance training session. The "sham + exercise" group had the same routine as the first group for 4 weeks, but instead of receiving anodal stimulation, they received sham stimulation. 48 hours after the end of the last exercise session, post-test measurements were performed with a similar procedure to the pre-test. Considering the number of questionnaires used in this study and in order to prevent the process of completing the questionnaires from being boring, a 4-day period was considered before and after the intervention, and an attempt was made to present and complete 2 questionnaires to the participants each day, separately in the morning and afternoon. The mean values ??of the research variables were used in statistical analysis, and parametric statistical methods such as independent t-test, two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, and one-way ANOVA with repeated measures were used for statistical analysis of the data. Findings: The results of the present study showed that the level of anxiety in both anodal + exercise groups (p = 0.011) and sham + exercise (p = 0.033) decreased immediately after the intervention, but in the anodal stimulation group, this decrease remained stable in the four-week follow-up period (p = 0.008), while in the sham group, the level of anxiety increased again in the follow-up period (p = 0.014). In other variables including quality of life, mental health, sleep quality, body image dimensions, self-confidence and cognitive flexibility, the main effect of time was significant and a significant improvement was observed compared to before the intervention (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. In the self-concept variable, neither the group nor the time effect was significant.

   Abstract Introduction: Sports performance is influenced by several physical, physiological, and psychological factors. In the field of sports, there has always been a search for performance-enhancing techniques. Most research has focused on the muscles, lungs, and heart. As a result, the importance of the brain in regulating sports performance has received less attention. Many studies have shown that the brain plays a key role in the development of fatigue and, consequently, influences sports performance. The mechanisms responsible for fatigue may be central or peripheral. The high demands placed on athletes by coaches to improve performance have increased interest in enhancing performance using new approaches. The use of techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or post-activation potentiation (PAP) protocols has become a popular topic in sports science, based on observations that they may benefit sports performance. Therefore, the researchers in the present study sought to determine the acute effects of tDCS and PAP on functional, cognitive, and perceptual parameters in trained women.    Methods: In this study, 12 trained female athletes who met the inclusion criteria participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. In a preliminary session, after subjects were introduced to the research procedures and their anthropometric characteristics were measured, their one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the barbell squat was assessed. One week later, subjects were randomly exposed to five different conditions across five separate sessions, with one week between sessions: 1) M1 anodal tDCS, 2) Sham stimulation, 3) PAP protocol, 4) PAP + tDCS, and 5) tDCS + PAP. In each session, resting blood pressure and heart rate were first measured, followed by the Stroop test and a choice reaction time test. Immediately after completing each experimental condition, the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), pleasure, arousal, pain, heart rate, and blood pressure were recorded. The choice reaction time and Stroop tests were then repeated. Subsequently, subjects performed the lower-body Wingate anaerobic test, and the results were recorded. Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA with    27 software. Results: The data showed no significant differences in the changes in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, peak power, mean power, reaction time, pain, arousal, or RPE following the interventions (P > 0.05). For the RPE variable, the overall difference between conditions was significant; however, post-hoc tests with appropriate correction did not reveal significant pairwise differences between specific conditions (P > 0.05). For inhibitory control, the results indicated significant improvements in the tDCS and PAP+tDCS conditions (P ? 0.05). Conclusion: In general, the results of the present study suggest that acute tDCS improves the functional parameter of the fatigue index and the cognitive parameter of inhibitory control in trained women. Similarly, the combination of PAP + tDCS also improves inhibitory control. However, the PAP intervention alone did not have a significant effect on any of the variables measured. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.    Keywords: transcranial direct current stimulation, post-activation potentiation, Wingate, Stroop, fatigue

  Investigating the Relationship

   Objective: ADHD is characterized by a combination of inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsive behavior, and hyperactivity. Studies have shown that physical activity in the form of play plays an important role in the pathophysiology and management of ADHD. In addition, considering the vital role of vitamin D in the proper functioning of the central nervous system and mental health, the use of this vitamin can improve the symptoms of these patients as a complementary therapy and an effective adjunct. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of vitamin D supplementation and Brain ball exercises on executive function in 10-12 year old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Research Method: For this purpose, 60 students with ADHD participated in this study based on the ADHD Rating Scale DSM-5 diagnostic questionnaire for parents and teachers and under the supervision of a psychologist and were randomly assigned to one of the control groups (15 people), the vitamin D group (15 people), the Brain ball group (15 people), and the vitamin D + Brain ball group (15 people). For evaluation, analysis of Go/No Go, Stroop Color-Word and N-Back tests was used before and after the intervention. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. Normal distribution was examined with (Shapiro-Wilk test) and alignment with (Levene test). Differences between groups were determined using two-way analysis of variance. If significant, Bonforni post hoc test was used to find the location of the differences. Analyses were performed using    software and the significance level was determined as P ? 0.05. Findings: The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of vitamin D supplementation and Brainball exercises caused a significant decrease in the score and interference time in the Stroop Color-Word test. In the N-Back test, the number of correct responses increased significantly and the number of incorrect responses decreased significantly, but no significant difference was observed in the average response time. In the Go-No-Go test, the presentation error and omission error were significantly reduced and the inhibition score was significantly increased, but there was no significant effect on the average response time, and finally the ADHD level was significantly reduced. Therefore, it can be concluded that vitamin D supplementation and Brainball exercises can improve executive function and ADHD level in 10-12 year old children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) syndrome.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of health literacy in selecting sources of information search for sports supplements in people referring to fitness clubs. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of the present study is people referring to fitness clubs in Kermanshah city. Given the dispersion of fitness clubs in urban areas, the statistical sample is selected in a random-cluster manner. The Cochrane population trait distribution ratio formula was used to determine the sample size. According to this formula, the statistical sample of the present study was 372 people. The instrument used for this study was based on the standard health literacy questionnaires of "Wahl et al." (2021) and Kaktomani et al. (2019); Curry, Dossey, and Lucy (2023); Maughan, Depicy, and Geyer (2007). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure reliability, which was 0.88.    version 25 and PLS3 software were used to analyze the data and answer the research hypotheses. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, health literacy affects the selection of sources of information search for sports supplements in people who refer to fitness clubs. Health literacy also affects the characteristics of sports supplements sought by people who refer to fitness clubs, and finally, the characteristics sought play a mediating role in the relationship between health literacy and the selection of sources of information search for sports supplements in people who refer to fitness clubs. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that by including concepts related to health literacy, principles of supplement consumption, and how to refer to scientific sources in training courses, we can help athletes choose standard sports supplements.      

  # Abstract ## Introduction and Objective Play is one of the methods to enhance physical activity in children. Utilizing innovative play techniques can be of great significance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of Montessori games on physical literacy and executive functions of male students aged 6-9 years in Islamabad. ## Methodology The research method employed in this study is semi-experimental, utilizing a pre-test/post-test design with a control group. The statistical population includes all male students aged 6-9 years in Islamabad. From this population, 50 participants (based on prior research) were randomly selected—25 for the experimental group and 25 for the control group. To measure physical literacy, the Canadian Physical Literacy Assessment-2 was used; working memory was assessed using the Reading Span Test; cognitive inhibition was measured with the Flanker Test; and cognitive flexibility was evaluated through the Stroop Test. After confirming the normal distribution of the data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, data analysis was conducted using dependent and independent t-tests for inter-group and intra-group comparisons. ## Findings The results indicated that there is a significant difference between the two groups of students after receiving Montessori games in the variables of physical literacy, working memory, cognitive inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the experimental group from the pre-test to the post-test in the mentioned variables. ## Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that educators, parents, and caregivers utilize Montessori games to enhance the physical literacy and executive functions of students. Keywords: Montessori play, physical literacy, executive function, students

The aim of the present study was to identify the obstacles to owning a professional football club in Kermanshah province and to provide a solution. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory with Glazer's approach). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, experts, coaches and athletes) in the field of football. The snowdrop sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. 19 people were interviewed to collect data. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.89. The data-based theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the obstacles to professional football club ownership in Kermanshah province include: managerial and structural obstacles, financial and economic obstacles, legal and legal obstacles, infrastructural and technical obstacles, cultural and social obstacles, and communication and media obstacles. And in response to these obstacles, appropriate solutions were presented. These categories themselves included a series of conceptual and open codes. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that in order to resolve the financial and economic problems of clubs, relevant managers and officials should establish a marketing and revenue-generating unit for the club, which is responsible for designing investment packages, attracting local sponsors, and launching digital fan services. In this way, the club can be placed on the path of economic growth and development.